Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630003, India.
Department of Geology, Malankara Catholic College, Manonmanium Sundaranar University, Kanyakumari, 629153, India.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Apr;28(15):18651-18666. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-11704-0. Epub 2021 Jan 4.
Groundwater is the major freshwater resource in urban and rural areas of India that provides potable water. The quality evaluation of existing groundwater resources is vital and it's quantity for the optimal utilization and maintenance. The bounding coordinates of the selected study area of Tuticorin industrial area is between 8°38'24" and 8°51'0" latitude and between 77°54'36" and 78°12'36" longitude. Groundwater samples were collected as grid form at 40 locations during the pre- and postmonsoon seasons in the year 2017. Fe, Zn, Co, Pb, Mn, Ni, Cr, and Cu metal concentrations were determined using AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer)-Perkin Elmer makes the model AAnalyst 200. Most of the groundwater samples were exceeded by the WHO 2008; USEPA 2009; and BIS 2012 guideline for drinking water standards. Further to assess the groundwater pollution status based on the heavy metal indices such as heavy metal pollution index (HPI), heavy metal evaluation index (HEI), degree of contamination (DOC), hazard quotient (HQ), hazard index (HI). Statistical analyses to found the appropriateness of groundwater for consumption and factors of contamination. The evaluation results indicate that groundwater is highly deteriorated and unsuitable for drinking in premonsoon period. While evaporation of water which increases the heavy metal concentration in premonsoon and dilution factor was affected in postmonsoon season. The increased concentration of heavy metals in groundwater might have been caused by evaporation, anthropogenic activities, and dissolution of rock formations which poses risk to human health. If this kind of growing contamination in the groundwater is unattended, it may lead to various health issues to the people from this region. Therefore, a consistent and sustainable water management should be carried out in this region in order to improve the groundwater quality.
地下水是印度城乡地区的主要淡水资源，提供饮用水。评估现有地下水资源的质量对于最佳利用和维护至关重要，包括评估其数量。选定的 Tuticorin 工业区研究区域的边界坐标为北纬 8°38'24"至 8°51'0"，东经 77°54'36"至 78°12'36"。2017 年，在季风前和季风后季节，以网格形式在 40 个地点采集地下水样本。使用 AAS（原子吸收分光光度计）-Perkin Elmer 制造的型号 AAnalyst 200 测定 Fe、Zn、Co、Pb、Mn、Ni、Cr 和 Cu 金属浓度。大多数地下水样本超过了世界卫生组织 2008 年、美国环保署 2009 年和 BIS 2012 年饮用水标准指南。进一步根据重金属指数，如重金属污染指数（HPI）、重金属评估指数（HEI）、污染程度（DOC）、危害商数（HQ）和危害指数（HI），评估地下水污染状况。进行统计分析以确定地下水是否适合饮用以及污染的因素。评估结果表明，地下水在季风前时期严重恶化，不适合饮用。而在季风后季节，水的蒸发会增加重金属浓度，同时也会影响稀释因子。地下水重金属浓度的增加可能是由蒸发、人为活动和岩石地层的溶解引起的，这对人类健康构成了威胁。如果这种地下水的污染不断加剧而得不到关注，可能会导致该地区的人们出现各种健康问题。因此，应在该地区持续进行一致和可持续的水资源管理，以改善地下水质量。
