Kardiol Pol. 2021 Jan 25;79(1):5-17. doi: 10.33963/KP.15720. Epub 2020 Dec 21.
Echocardiography is a relatively inexpensive and widely available technique that has a pivotal role in the assessment and management of patients with heart failure (HF). Advancements in cardiac ultrasound, especially the advent of myocardial deformation imaging, have provided a comprehensive insight into the complexity of cardiac derangements underlying HF, contributing to the better understanding of the disease process. The essential issues that echocardiography can help address include: establishing / confirming diagnosis, categorizing and phenotyping patients, prognosticating, guiding therapeutic decision-making, and monitoring responses to treatment. Novel echocardiographic technologies permit early recognition of preclinical myocardial abnormalities, as well as further tracking of pathologic alterations and therapeutic responses. The predictive utility of a large number of echocardiographic indices, offering an abundance of prognostic information independent of and incremental to clinical data, underpins their use in risk stratification strategies. The evolution of existing modalities, as well as the wider implementation of automation and artificial intelligence, provides the basis for the future development and expanded clinical application of echocardiography.
超声心动图是一种相对廉价且广泛可用的技术，在心力衰竭（HF）患者的评估和管理中具有关键作用。心脏超声技术的进步，特别是心肌应变成像的出现，为深入了解 HF 患者心脏功能障碍的复杂性提供了全面的认识，有助于更好地了解疾病过程。超声心动图可以帮助解决的基本问题包括：确定/确认诊断、对患者进行分类和表型分析、预测预后、指导治疗决策以及监测治疗反应。新型超声心动图技术可以早期识别临床前心肌异常，并进一步跟踪病理改变和治疗反应。大量超声心动图指标具有预测价值，提供了大量独立于临床数据且可补充临床数据的预后信息，这为其在风险分层策略中的应用提供了依据。现有模态的发展以及自动化和人工智能的广泛应用为超声心动图的未来发展和更广泛的临床应用提供了基础。
