Yahaya James J, Bartholomew Nicholas, Mremi Alex
Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences (CHS), The University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania.
Department of Urology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center (KCMC), Moshi, Tanzania.
Int J Surg Case Rep. 2020;77:791-794. doi: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2020.11.116. Epub 2020 Nov 27.
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for less than 0.3% of all tumours occurring in children and adolescents and it also affects 2.6% of all renal tumours for the pediatriac population. The aim of this report is to present the case of a 13-year old girl with metastatic papillary RCC and to review the literature mainly on treatment modalities and prognosis of children and adolescents with RCC.
The case of a 13-year old girl is presented. The girl presented with a painless abdominal mass in the right side for three months. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a heterogeneous mass of 15 cm in diameter with metastasis to the liver. Also CT scan of the abdomen and lungs revealed metastasis to the liver and lungs. She underwent radical right nephrectomy.
Pediatric RCC is an aggressive malignancy and some series have reported a 50% incidence of metastasis at the point of initial diagnosis similar to our patient who had metastasis to both lungs and liver at the time of initial diagnosis. Over 50% of metastasis of RCC in the pediatric population occurs in the lungs and liver.
RCC in children is extremely rare with no known specific treatment regimen. Early diagnosis when the tumour is still confined to the kidney provides better clinical outcomes since radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy have not been found to improve the prognosis.
肾细胞癌（RCC）在儿童和青少年所有肿瘤中所占比例不到0.3%，在儿科人群的所有肾肿瘤中占2.6%。本报告旨在介绍一名13岁转移性乳头状肾细胞癌女孩的病例，并主要回顾关于儿童和青少年肾细胞癌治疗方式及预后的文献。
介绍一名13岁女孩的病例。该女孩右侧腹部出现无痛性肿块3个月。腹部超声显示一个直径15厘米的不均匀肿块，伴有肝转移。腹部和肺部CT扫描也显示有肝和肺转移。她接受了根治性右肾切除术。
儿童肾细胞癌是一种侵袭性恶性肿瘤，一些系列报道显示初始诊断时转移发生率为50%，与我们的患者相似，其初始诊断时已有肺和肝转移。儿科人群中超过50%的肾细胞癌转移发生在肺和肝。
儿童肾细胞癌极为罕见，尚无已知的特定治疗方案。由于放疗、化疗和免疫疗法未被发现能改善预后，因此在肿瘤仍局限于肾脏时早期诊断可提供更好的临床结果。
