Filipova Inese, Irbe Ilze, Spade Martins, Skute Marite, Dāboliņa Inga, Baltiņa Ilze, Vecbiskena Linda
Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia.
Research Laboratory of Ergonomics Electrical Technologies, Institute of Industrial Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical and Environmental Engineering, Riga Technical University, Paula Valdena 1-102, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia.
Materials (Basel). 2020 Dec 30;14(1):136. doi: 10.3390/ma14010136.
Novel biobased materials from fungal hyphae and cellulose fibers have been proposed to address the increasing demand for natural materials in personal protective equipment (PPE). Materials containing commercially available kraft fibers (KF), laboratory-made highly fibrillated hemp fibers (HF) and fungal fibers (FF) obtained from fruiting bodies of lignicolous basidiomycetes growing in nature were prepared using paper production techniques and evaluated for their mechanical and air permeability properties. SEM and microscopy revealed the network structure of materials. The tensile index of materials was in the range of 8-60 Nm/g and air permeability ranged from 32-23,990 mL/min, depending on the composition of materials. HF was the key component for strength; however, the addition of FF to compositions resulted in higher air permeability. Chemical composition analysis (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) revealed the presence of natural polysaccharides, mainly cellulose and chitin, as well as the appropriate elemental distribution of components C, H and N. Biodegradation potential was proven by a 30-day-long composting in substrate, which resulted in an 8-62% drop in the C/N ratio. Conclusions were drawn about the appropriateness of fungal hyphae for use in papermaking-like technologies together with cellulose fibers. Developed materials can be considered as an alternative to synthetic melt and spun-blown materials for PPE.
人们提出利用真菌菌丝和纤维素纤维制备新型生物基材料，以满足个人防护装备（PPE）对天然材料日益增长的需求。使用造纸技术制备了含有市售硫酸盐纤维（KF）、实验室自制的高纤维化大麻纤维（HF）和从自然界生长的木生担子菌子实体中获得的真菌纤维（FF）的材料，并对其机械性能和透气性能进行了评估。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和显微镜观察揭示了材料的网络结构。材料的拉伸指数在8-60 Nm/g范围内，透气率在32-23990 mL/min之间，具体取决于材料的组成。HF是强度的关键成分；然而，在组合物中添加FF可提高透气性。化学成分分析（傅里叶变换红外光谱）揭示了天然多糖的存在，主要是纤维素和几丁质，以及成分C、H和N的适当元素分布。通过在底物中进行30天的堆肥证明了其生物降解潜力，这导致碳氮比下降了8-62%。得出了关于真菌菌丝与纤维素纤维一起用于类似造纸技术的适用性的结论。所开发的材料可被视为PPE合成熔喷和纺粘材料的替代品。
