Ocular melanoma consists of posterior uveal melanoma, iris melanoma and conjunctival melanoma. These malignancies derive from melanocytes in the uveal tract or conjunctiva. The genetic profiles of these different entities differ from each other. In uveal melanoma, and gene mutations are frequently found and prognosis is based on mutation status of , and genes. Iris melanoma, also originating from the uvea, has similarities to the genetic makeups of both posterior uveal melanoma (UM) and conjunctival melanoma since mutations in and are less common and genes involved in conjunctival melanoma such as have been described. The genetic spectrum of conjunctival melanoma, however, includes frequent mutations in the , and promoter genes, which are found in cutaneous melanoma as well. The status of the tumor is not correlated to prognosis, whereas the promoter gene mutations are. Clinical presentation, histopathological characteristics and copy number alterations are associated with survival in ocular melanoma. Tissue material is needed to classify ocular melanoma in the different subgroups, which creates a need for the use of noninvasive techniques to prognosticate patients who underwent eye preserving treatment.