Division of Public Health, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan;
Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021 Jan 12;118(2). doi: 10.1073/pnas.2014226118.
Studies examining the long-term health consequences of residential displacement following large-scale disasters remain sparse. Following the 2011 Japan Earthquake and Tsunami, victims who lost their homes were resettled by two primary means: 1) group relocation to public housing or 2) individual relocation, in which victims moved into public housing by lottery or arranged for their own accommodation. Little is known about how the specific method of residential relocation affects survivors' health. We examined the association between residential relocation and long-term changes in mental and physical well-being. Our baseline assessment predated the disaster by 7 mo. Two follow-up surveys were conducted ∼2.5 y and 5.5 y after the disaster to ascertain the long-term association between housing arrangement and health status. Group relocation was associated with increased body mass index and depressive symptoms at 2.5-y follow-up but was no longer significantly associated with these outcomes at 5.5-y follow-up. Individual relocation at each follow-up survey was associated with lower instrumental activities of daily living as well as higher risk of cognitive impairment. Our findings underscore the potential complexity of long-term outcomes associated with residential displacement, indicating both positive and negative impacts on mental versus physical dimensions of health.
研究考察了大规模灾害后住宅搬迁对长期健康的影响，但相关研究仍然很少。2011 年日本地震和海啸后，受灾者通过以下两种主要方式重新安置：1）集体搬迁到公共住房，或 2）个人搬迁，即通过抽签或自行安排入住公共住房。关于住宅搬迁的具体方式如何影响幸存者的健康，人们知之甚少。我们研究了住宅搬迁与身心健康长期变化之间的关联。我们的基线评估在灾难发生前 7 个月进行。在灾难发生后约 2.5 年和 5.5 年进行了两次随访调查，以确定住房安排与健康状况之间的长期关联。2.5 年随访时，集体搬迁与体重指数增加和抑郁症状相关，但 5.5 年随访时，这种相关性不再显著。每次随访调查中，个人搬迁与较低的日常生活工具性活动能力以及认知障碍风险增加相关。我们的研究结果强调了与住宅搬迁相关的长期后果的潜在复杂性，表明对健康的心理和生理维度都有积极和消极的影响。
