Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Environ Health Perspect. 2022 Jul;130(7):77001. doi: 10.1289/EHP10903. Epub 2022 Jul 1.
Little research has examined associations between disaster-related home loss and multiple domains of health and well-being, with extended long-term follow-up and comprehensive adjustment for pre-disaster characteristics of survivors.
We examined the longitudinal associations between disaster-induced home loss and 34 indicators of health and well-being, assessed post-disaster.
We used data from a preexisting cohort study of Japanese older adults in an area directly impacted by the 2011 Japan Earthquake ( and , depending on the outcomes). The study was initiated in 2010, and disaster-related home loss status was measured in 2013 retrospectively. The 34 outcomes were assessed in 2020 and covered dimensions of physical health, mental health, health behaviors/sleep, social well-being, cognitive social capital, subjective well-being, and prosocial/altruistic behaviors. We estimated the associations between disaster-related home loss and the outcomes, using targeted maximum likelihood estimation and SuperLearner. We adjusted for pre-disaster characteristics from the wave conducted 7 months before the disaster (i.e., 2010), including prior outcome values that were available.
After Bonferroni correction for multiple testing, we found that home loss (vs. no home loss) was associated with increased posttraumatic stress symptoms (; 95% CI: 0.35, 0.65), increased daily sleepiness (0.38; 95% CI: 0.21, 0.54), lower trust in the community (; 95% CI: , ), lower community attachment (; 95% CI: , ), and lower prosociality (; 95% CI: , ). We found modest evidence for the associations with increased depressive symptoms, increased hopelessness, more chronic conditions, higher body mass index, lower perceived mutual help in the community, and decreased happiness. There was little evidence for associations with the remaining 23 outcomes.
Home loss due to a disaster may have long-lasting adverse impacts on the cognitive social capital, mental health, and prosociality of older adult survivors. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10903.
很少有研究探讨与灾难相关的住房损失与健康和幸福感的多个领域之间的关系，并且没有对幸存者灾难前的特征进行长期的扩展随访和综合调整。
我们检验了 2011 年日本地震中受灾地区的老年人在灾难后 34 项健康和幸福感指标与灾难导致的住房损失之间的纵向关联。
我们使用了一项预先存在的队列研究的数据，该研究对象是直接受到 2011 年日本地震影响的日本老年人（以及取决于结果）。该研究于 2010 年启动，2013 年回顾性地测量了与灾难相关的住房损失状况。2020 年评估了 34 项结果，涵盖了身体健康、心理健康、健康行为/睡眠、社会幸福感、认知社会资本、主观幸福感和亲社会/利他行为的维度。我们使用有针对性的最大似然估计和 SuperLearner 来估计与灾难相关的住房损失与结果之间的关联。我们调整了灾难前的特征，这些特征来自灾难前 7 个月进行的（即 2010 年）的那一波，包括当时可获得的先前结果值。
在对多次测试进行 Bonferroni 校正后，我们发现住房损失（与没有住房损失相比）与创伤后应激症状增加（0.35，0.65）、白天嗜睡增加（0.38，0.54）、社区信任度降低（95%CI：，）、社区依附度降低（95%CI：，）和亲社会行为减少（95%CI：，）有关。我们发现与抑郁症状增加、无望感增加、慢性病增多、体重指数增加、社区内感知到的互助减少、幸福感降低等相关的证据有限。与其余 23 项结果之间的关联几乎没有证据。
灾难导致的住房损失可能对老年幸存者的认知社会资本、心理健康和亲社会行为产生持久的不利影响。https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10903.
