Zhang Yuqing, Cao Jiabao, Zhao Na, Wang Jun
CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao. 2020 Dec 25;36(12):2566-2581. doi: 10.13345/j.cjb.200372.
Virome is the collective term for the viral collection or viral metagenomes that are distributed in various environments. Viruses can be found in bodies of water, glaciers, plants, animals, and even some viruses, which are classified as eukaryotes, prokaryotes and subviruses. Viruses play very important role in maintaining environmental homeostasis and ecosystem balance, and are especially closely related to human health. In recent years, with the advancement of sequencing technology and data analysis, we are able to gain more insights into the virome and explore its potential role in the ecological niche by metagenomic sequencing. A large amount of viral data have been obtained from glaciers, oceans, and various plants and animals, and numerous unknown viruses have been discovered. Virome has been studied mainly through metagenomic data mining, as well as virus-like particles separation and enrichment. To date, several different methods for viral isolation and enrichment exist, and numerous bioinformatic analyses of the virome have been performed. However, there is a lack of specific and complete reviews on the enrichment and data analysis methods for the virome. Thus, our review will summarize viral isolation and enrichment methods and data analysis, and present some of the landmark research conducted by the enrichment method, to provide a reference for researchers of interest and further advance the field of virome research.
病毒组是指分布于各种环境中的病毒集合或病毒宏基因组的统称。病毒可见于水体、冰川、植物、动物体内，甚至在一些被归类为真核生物、原核生物和亚病毒的病毒中也能发现。病毒在维持环境稳态和生态系统平衡方面发挥着非常重要的作用，且与人类健康关系尤为密切。近年来，随着测序技术和数据分析的进步，我们能够通过宏基因组测序更深入地了解病毒组，并探索其在生态位中的潜在作用。已从冰川、海洋以及各种动植物中获取了大量病毒数据，还发现了许多未知病毒。病毒组的研究主要通过宏基因组数据挖掘以及病毒样颗粒的分离和富集来进行。迄今为止，存在几种不同的病毒分离和富集方法，并且已经对病毒组进行了大量的生物信息学分析。然而，目前缺乏关于病毒组富集和数据分析方法的具体且全面的综述。因此，我们的综述将总结病毒分离和富集方法以及数据分析，并介绍一些通过富集方法开展的具有里程碑意义的研究，为感兴趣的研究人员提供参考，进一步推动病毒组研究领域的发展。
