Roche Jennifer M, Zgonnikov Arkady, Morett Laura M
School of Health Sciences, Kent State University, OH.
Department of Cognitive Robotics, Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands.
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2021 Jan 14;64(1):159-175. doi: 10.1044/2020_JSLHR-20-00128. Epub 2021 Jan 5.
Purpose The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the social and cognitive underpinnings of miscommunication during an interactive listening task. Method An eye and computer mouse-tracking visual-world paradigm was used to investigate how a listener's cognitive effort (local and global) and decision-making processes were affected by a speaker's use of ambiguity that led to a miscommunication. Results Experiments 1 and 2 found that an environmental cue that made a miscommunication more or less salient impacted listener language processing effort (eye-tracking). Experiment 2 also indicated that listeners may develop different processing heuristics dependent upon the speaker's use of ambiguity that led to a miscommunication, exerting a significant impact on cognition and decision making. We also found that perspective-taking effort and decision-making complexity metrics (computer mouse tracking) predict language processing effort, indicating that instances of miscommunication produced cognitive consequences of indecision, thinking, and cognitive pull. Conclusion Together, these results indicate that listeners behave both reciprocally and adaptively when miscommunications occur, but the way they respond is largely dependent upon the type of ambiguity and how often it is produced by the speaker.
目的 本研究的目的是评估交互式听力任务中沟通失误的社会和认知基础。方法 使用眼动和电脑鼠标追踪的视觉世界范式来研究说话者使用导致沟通失误的歧义时，听者的认知努力（局部和全局）及决策过程是如何受到影响的。结果 实验1和实验2发现，使沟通失误或多或少显著的环境线索会影响听者的语言处理努力（眼动追踪）。实验2还表明，听者可能会根据说话者使用导致沟通失误的歧义而形成不同的处理启发式方法，这对认知和决策产生重大影响。我们还发现，换位思考努力和决策复杂性指标（电脑鼠标追踪）可预测语言处理努力，这表明沟通失误的情况会产生犹豫不决、思考和认知牵引等认知后果。结论 这些结果共同表明，当出现沟通失误时，听者的行为既有相互性又有适应性，但他们的反应方式很大程度上取决于歧义的类型以及说话者产生歧义的频率。
