Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1988 Fitch Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55108, United States of America.
Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, 1971 Commonwealth Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55108, United States of America.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Apr 10;764:144166. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144166. Epub 2021 Jan 2.
Anthropogenically derived antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG) have been detected in wildlife. The likelihood of detecting ARB and ARG in wildlife increases with wildlife exposure to anthropogenic sources of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Whether anthropogenic sources also increase the risk for AMR to spread in bacteria of wildlife is not well understood. The spread of AMR in bacteria of wildlife can be estimated by examining the richness of ARB and ARG, and the prevalence of ARB that have mobilizable ARG (i.e., ARG that can be transferred across bacteria via plasmids). Here, we investigated whether raccoons (Procyon lotor), with different exposures to anthropogenic sources, differed in prevalence and richness of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant (ESC-R) Escherichia coli, richness of ARG present in ESC-R E. coli, and prevalence of ESC-R E. coli with plasmid-associated ARG. Sampling took place over the course of 10 months at seven sites in Chicago, USA. ESC-R E. coli were isolated from over half of the 211 raccoons sampled and were more likely to be isolated from urban than suburban raccoons. When examining the whole-genome sequences of ESC-R E. coli, 56 sequence types were identified, most of which were associated with the ARG bla and bla. A greater richness of ESC-R E. coli sequence types was found at sites with a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) than without, but no difference was detected based on urban context. ARG richness in ESC-R E. coli did not significantly vary by urban context nor with presence of a WWTP. Importantly, ESC-R E. coli carrying plasmid-associated bla and bla ARG were more likely to be isolated from raccoons sampled at sites with a WWTP than without. Our findings indicate that anthropogenic sources may shape the AMR profile of wildlife, reinforcing the need to prevent dissemination of AMR into the environment.
在野生动物中已检测到人为产生的抗微生物药物耐药性细菌 (ARB) 和抗微生物药物耐药性基因 (ARG)。随着野生动物接触人为抗微生物药物耐药性 (AMR) 来源的增加，检测到 ARB 和 ARG 的可能性也随之增加。人为来源是否也会增加 AMR 在野生动物细菌中传播的风险，目前还不太清楚。通过检查 ARB 和 ARG 的丰富度以及具有可移动 ARG 的 ARB 的流行率（即可以通过质粒在细菌之间转移的 ARG），可以估计 AMR 在野生动物细菌中的传播。在这里，我们研究了具有不同人为暴露的浣熊（Procyon lotor）在以下方面是否存在差异：广泛耐药性头孢菌素的大肠杆菌（ESC-R）的流行率和丰富度、存在于 ESC-R 大肠杆菌中的 ARG 丰富度，以及携带质粒相关 ARG 的 ESC-R 大肠杆菌的流行率。采样在美国芝加哥的七个地点进行了 10 个月。从 211 只浣熊中分离出了超过一半的 ESC-R 大肠杆菌，而且从城市浣熊中分离出的 ESC-R 大肠杆菌比从郊区浣熊中分离出的更有可能。当检查 ESC-R 大肠杆菌的全基因组序列时，鉴定出了 56 种序列类型，其中大多数与 ARG bla 和 bla 有关。在有污水处理厂 (WWTP) 的地点发现的 ESC-R 大肠杆菌序列类型的丰富度更高，但根据城市环境没有发现差异。ESC-R 大肠杆菌中 ARG 的丰富度与城市环境或 WWTP 的存在与否没有显著差异。重要的是，携带质粒相关 bla 和 bla ARG 的 ESC-R 大肠杆菌更有可能从有 WWTP 的地点的浣熊中分离出来。我们的研究结果表明，人为来源可能会影响野生动物的 AMR 特征，这进一步强调了防止 AMR 扩散到环境中的必要性。
