Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Berlin, Germany.
J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2021 Feb;43(1):33-45. doi: 10.1080/13803395.2020.1863340. Epub 2021 Jan 5.
: Burnout and depression both occur with chronic work-related stress, and cognitive deficits have been found when symptom severity results in work disability. Less is known about cognitive deficits associated with milder symptoms among active workers, and few studies have examined whether cognitive deficits predict persistent burnout and depression symptoms. The goal of this study was to examine the association of information processing speed and executive function performance to burnout and depression symptoms at baseline and 12-month follow-up in a sample of actively working individuals (N = 372).: The design was prospective with laboratory cognitive data at baseline, and burnout and depressive symptoms assessed at baseline and monthly follow-ups. Information processing speed and executive functions were assessed in a task-switching paradigm, including single-task reaction time (RT), switching costs, and mixing costs. Burnout was assessed with the Exhaustion subscale of the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory and depression with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9.: Slower RT was modestly associated with higher levels of burnout symptoms both cross-sectionally and prospectively, but switching costs and mixing costs were not associated with burnout symptoms. None of the cognitive measures were associated with depression symptoms cross-sectionally or prospectively.: Despite statistically significant findings of slowed RT in acute exhaustion-related burnout, the proportion of variance accounted for in the models was small and did not predict clinically significant levels of distress. The absence of statistically significant findings for depression symptoms suggests the cognitive profile associated with the exhaustion dimension of burnout may be distinct from that of depression, which reflects a more heterogeneous symptomatology. Our data suggest the clinical impact of burnout symptoms on actively working individuals is marginal; nonetheless, it is important to screen and intervene on burnout and depression symptoms in the workplace because they can lead to other forms of work impairment.
: 慢性工作相关压力会导致倦怠和抑郁，当症状严重导致工作能力丧失时，会发现认知缺陷。在积极工作的人群中，对于与较轻症状相关的认知缺陷了解较少，而且很少有研究检查认知缺陷是否预测持续的倦怠和抑郁症状。本研究的目的是在一个积极工作的个体样本中（N=372），在基线和 12 个月随访时，检查信息处理速度和执行功能表现与倦怠和抑郁症状的关系。: 该设计是前瞻性的，在基线时进行实验室认知数据采集，在基线和每月随访时评估倦怠和抑郁症状。信息处理速度和执行功能在任务转换范式中进行评估，包括单任务反应时间（RT）、转换成本和混合成本。倦怠使用奥登堡倦怠量表的倦怠量表评估，抑郁使用患者健康问卷-9 评估。: RT 较慢与倦怠症状的水平在横断面和前瞻性上都有一定的相关性，但转换成本和混合成本与倦怠症状无关。在横断面或前瞻性上，认知测量都与抑郁症状无关。: 尽管在急性与疲劳相关的倦怠中 RT 较慢具有统计学意义的发现，但模型中解释的方差比例较小，并且不能预测临床上明显的困扰程度。在抑郁症状方面没有统计学意义的发现表明，与倦怠的疲劳维度相关的认知特征可能与抑郁不同，这反映了更异质的症状。我们的数据表明，倦怠症状对积极工作个体的临床影响是微不足道的；尽管如此，在工作场所筛查和干预倦怠和抑郁症状很重要，因为它们可能导致其他形式的工作障碍。
