Raven H. Weaver, Assistant Professor, Human Development, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States;, Email:
Alexandra Jackson, PhD Candidate, Human Development, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA, United States.
Am J Health Behav. 2021 Jan 1;45(1):44-61. doi: 10.5993/AJHB.45.1.4.
We examined perceived behavior change since implementation of physical distancing restrictions and identified modifiable (self-rated health, resilience, depressive symptoms, social support and subjective wellbeing) and non-modifiable (demographics) risk/protective factors. A representative US sample (N = 362) completed an online survey about potential risk/protective factors and health behaviors prior to the pandemic and after implemented/recommended restrictions. We assessed change in perceived health behaviors prior to and following introduction of COVID-19. We conducted hierarchical linear regression to explore and identify risk/protective factors related to physical activity, diet quality, and social isolation. There have been substantial decreases in physical activity and increases in sedentary behavior and social isolation, but no changes in diet quality since COVID-19. We identified modifiable and non-modifiable factors associated with each health behavior. Negative effects indicate the need for universal intervention to promote health behaviors. Inequalities in health behaviors among vulnerable populations may be exacerbated since COVID-19, suggesting need for targeted invention. Social support may be a mechanism to promote health behaviors. We suggest scaling out effective health behavior interventions with the same intensity in which physical distancing recommendations were implemented.
我们考察了自实施身体距离限制以来感知到的行为变化，并确定了可改变的（自我评估的健康、韧性、抑郁症状、社会支持和主观幸福感）和不可改变的（人口统计学）风险/保护因素。一个有代表性的美国样本（N=362）在大流行之前和实施/推荐限制之后完成了一项关于潜在风险/保护因素和健康行为的在线调查。我们评估了 COVID-19 引入前后感知健康行为的变化。我们进行了层次线性回归分析，以探索和确定与身体活动、饮食质量和社会隔离相关的风险/保护因素。自 COVID-19 以来，身体活动大幅减少，久坐行为和社会隔离增加，但饮食质量没有变化。我们确定了与每种健康行为相关的可改变和不可改变的因素。负面效应表明需要普遍干预以促进健康行为。弱势群体中健康行为的不平等可能会因 COVID-19 而加剧，这表明需要有针对性的发明。社会支持可能是促进健康行为的一种机制。我们建议以与实施身体距离建议相同的强度推广有效的健康行为干预措施。
