McNamara Courtney L, Labonte Ronald, Schram Ashley, Townsend Belinda
Department of Sociology and Political Science, Centre for Global Health Inequalities Research (CHAIN), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
J Epidemiol Community Health. 2021 Jan 5. doi: 10.1136/jech-2020-215104.
The global trading system has undergone a shift away from multilateral trade negotiations to a 'spaghetti-bowl' of regional and bilateral free trade agreements (FTAs). In this two-part glossary, we discuss why this shift has occurred, focusing on how it poses new challenges for public health. Specifically, we introduce key terms that shape this new trading environment and explain them through a public health lens. Part 1 of this glossary focuses on provisions in FTAs that build on previous agreements of the World Trade Organization (WTO). These provisions are commonly designated as 'WTO-Plus'. This approach continues into part 2 of the glossary, which also considers components of FTAs that have no precedent within WTO treaties. Following a broader discussion of how the current political context and the COVID-19 pandemic shape the contemporary trade environment, part 2 considers the main areas of trade and health policy incoherence as well as recommendations to address them.
全球贸易体系已从多边贸易谈判转向由区域和双边自由贸易协定（FTA）构成的“意大利面碗”局面。在这个分两部分的术语表中，我们将探讨这一转变发生的原因，重点关注它如何给公共卫生带来新挑战。具体而言，我们将介绍塑造这一新贸易环境的关键术语，并从公共卫生角度对其进行解释。本术语表的第一部分聚焦于自由贸易协定中基于世界贸易组织（WTO）先前协定的条款。这些条款通常被称为“超WTO条款”。这一方式在术语表的第二部分继续沿用，该部分还会考虑在WTO条约中没有先例的自由贸易协定组成部分。在更广泛地讨论当前政治背景和新冠疫情如何塑造当代贸易环境之后，第二部分将考虑贸易与卫生政策不一致的主要领域以及应对这些问题的建议。
