Protective effect of gamma-oryzanol against manganese-induced toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster.

Manganese (Mn) is an essential element that, in excess, seems to be involved in the development of different neurodegenerative conditions. Gamma-oryzanol (Ory) was previously reported to possess antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. Thus, we conducted this study to test the hypothesis that Ory can also protect flies in an Mn intoxication model. Adult wild-type flies were fed over 10 days with Mn (5 mM) and/or Ory (25 μM). Flies treated with Mn had a decrease in locomotor activity and a higher mortality rate compared to those in controls. Mn-treated flies also had a significant increase in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, in Mn accumulation and in oxidative stress markers. Moreover, flies treated with Mn exhibited a significant decrease in dopamine levels and in tyrosine hydroxylase activity, as well as in mitochondrial and cellular viability. Particularly important, Ory protected against mortality and avoided locomotor and biochemical changes associated with Mn exposure. However, Ory did not prevent the accumulation of Mn. The present results support the notion that Ory effectively attenuates detrimental changes associated with Mn exposure in Drosophila melanogaster, reinforcing its neuroprotective action/potential.