Department of General Practice and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2021 Feb;21(2):223-233. doi: 10.1080/14737159.2021.1873132. Epub 2021 Jan 17.
: This study aimed to define and characterize current literature describing salivary biomarker changes with the goal of improving diagnosis and treatment outcomes for sleep apnea.: A search of six databases yielded 401 peer-reviewed articles published through October 2019 corresponded to 221 unique references following deduplication. Twenty studies were selected. The sample size ranged from 17 to 99. The samples were mostly whole saliva and selected glandular areas.: Most targeted studies focused on the level of salivary cortisol and ɑ-amylase. One study used RNA transcriptome analysis of 96 genes. Only two explored novel targets using mass spectrometry. ɑ-amylase, myeloperoxidase, and IL-6 were among those biomarkers found associated with OSA. Cytokeratin, CystatinB, calgranulin A, and alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein are upregulated in OSA patients based on non-targeting mass spectrometry. Salivary cortisol and ɑ-amylase and others appeared to be associated with severity of OSA and OSA treatment. There were inconsistencies in saliva collection and processing protocols. More studies are needed in exploring novel biomarkers to examine if these biomarkers are capable of diagnosing and monitoring OSA through proteomics or transcriptomics. Salivary biomarkers have a potential to be a noninvasive measure for the disease diagnosis and treatment outcome monitoring for sleep apnea.
本研究旨在定义和描述当前描述唾液生物标志物变化的文献，以期改善睡眠呼吸暂停的诊断和治疗效果。通过对六个数据库的搜索，共获得了 2019 年 10 月前发表的 401 篇同行评议文章，经过去重后对应 221 篇独特参考文献。选择了 20 项研究。样本量范围从 17 到 99。样本大多是全唾液和选定的腺体区域。大多数靶向研究集中在唾液皮质醇和ɑ-淀粉酶的水平上。一项研究使用了 96 个基因的 RNA 转录组分析。只有两项研究使用质谱法探索了新的靶标。ɑ-淀粉酶、髓过氧化物酶和 IL-6 是与 OSA 相关的生物标志物之一。基于非靶向质谱法，在 OSA 患者中发现细胞角蛋白、胱抑素 B、钙粒蛋白 A 和α-2-HS-糖蛋白等生物标志物上调。唾液皮质醇和ɑ-淀粉酶等似乎与 OSA 的严重程度和 OSA 治疗有关。唾液采集和处理方案存在不一致性。需要更多的研究来探索新的生物标志物，以检查这些生物标志物是否能够通过蛋白质组学或转录组学来诊断和监测 OSA。唾液生物标志物有可能成为诊断疾病和监测睡眠呼吸暂停治疗效果的非侵入性指标。
