Department of Earth Sciences, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, 15100, Pakistan.
Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Apr;28(16):20290-20298. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-11929-z. Epub 2021 Jan 6.
Shishper lake is an ice-dammed lake in northern Pakistan that has drained twice within one (1) year. The parameters evaluated in this paper are the lake's area, volume, peak discharge, and its outburst events using various satellite images from November 2018 to June 2020. Based on satellite imagery and empirical approaches, the lake formed in November 2018 and reached a maximum of 0.34 km till its first breach that occurred on 22 June 2019. Since June 2019, the lake drained till September 2019. After that, the flow was blocked again, and the lake expanded to an area of 0.27 km till its second outburst event that happened on May 29, 2020. Eight cross-sectional profiles of Hassanabad ravine are generated based on peak discharge in the lake's rapid outburst. The results indicate that, the peak discharge for both 2019 and 2020 was more than 4500 m s. Delineation of downstream Hassanabad ravine shows that more than 1000 buildings and 2000+ population is prone to flood. However, the lake drain twice steadily, but it has a high potential to cause severe damages if it bursts abruptly.
什斯帕尔湖是巴基斯坦北部的一个冰碛湖，在一年内已经两次溃决。本文评估的参数是该湖的面积、体积、洪峰流量及其在 2018 年 11 月至 2020 年 6 月期间的两次溃决事件。基于卫星图像和经验方法，该湖于 2018 年 11 月形成，在第一次溃决前达到了 0.34 千米的最大值，第一次溃决发生在 2019 年 6 月 22 日。自 2019 年 6 月以来，湖水一直在排放，直到 2019 年 9 月。之后，水流再次受阻，湖水扩展到 0.27 平方千米，直到 2020 年 5 月 29 日发生第二次溃决事件。根据湖水快速溃决的洪峰流量，生成了哈桑巴德峡谷的 8 个横截面轮廓。结果表明，2019 年和 2020 年的洪峰流量都超过了 4500 米每秒。对下游哈桑巴德峡谷的划定表明，有 1000 多座建筑物和 2000 多人可能会受到洪水的影响。然而，湖水两次稳定排放，但如果突然溃决，仍有造成严重破坏的高风险。
