Department of Family Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jan 4;18(1):305. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18010305.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and tuberculosis (TB) together impose a high disease burden in terms of both mortality and health economics worldwide. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of latent TB infection (LTBI) in patients with T2DM in Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was performed, and adult T2DM patients (n = 299) were included. Simple and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the LTBI-associated risk factors in patients with T2DM. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between T2DM and LTBI and was adjusted for potential confounders. The prevalence of LTBI in patients with T2DM was 11.4% (95% CI: 8.0-15.0%). There was no significant difference in the socio-demographic characteristics between LTBI and non-LTBI subjects. No significant difference in the smoking status, the duration of smoking, and the duration of T2DM, HbA1c, or treatments was observed. Interestingly, a higher level of education was observed to be associated with a lower prevalence of LTBI in T2DM patients (aOR: 0.08, 95% CI: 0.01-0.70, = 0.02). Although the prevalence of LTBI in T2DM was low, it is important to screen for it in T2DM patients due to the risk of developing severe active TB.
2 型糖尿病（T2DM）和结核病（TB）在全球范围内都对死亡率和健康经济学造成了沉重的负担。本研究的目的是评估马来西亚 T2DM 患者中潜伏性结核感染（LTBI）的患病率和危险因素。进行了一项横断面研究，纳入了成年 T2DM 患者（n = 299）。进行了简单和多逻辑回归分析，以确定 T2DM 患者中与 LTBI 相关的危险因素。多逻辑回归用于估计 T2DM 和 LTBI 之间的调整后优势比（aOR）和 95%置信区间（CI），并调整了潜在的混杂因素。T2DM 患者中 LTBI 的患病率为 11.4%（95%CI：8.0-15.0%）。LTBI 和非 LTBI 患者的社会人口统计学特征无显著差异。在吸烟状况、吸烟时间、T2DM 持续时间、HbA1c 或治疗方面也未观察到显著差异。有趣的是，观察到较高的教育水平与 T2DM 患者 LTBI 患病率较低相关（aOR：0.08，95%CI：0.01-0.70， = 0.02）。尽管 T2DM 中 LTBI 的患病率较低，但由于发展为严重活动性 TB 的风险，对 T2DM 患者进行 LTBI 筛查很重要。
