Pistorius Arthur M A, Blokker Ineke
260 Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, NL-6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Workgroup Traditional Siamese Cat Breeders in The Netherlands (WTSN), NL-1815 HC, Alkmaar, The Netherlands.
Genet Sel Evol. 2021 Jan 6;53(1):6. doi: 10.1186/s12711-020-00596-w.
For many years, breeders of companion animals have applied inbreeding or line breeding to transfer desirable genetic traits from parents to their offspring. Simultaneously, this resulted in a considerable spread of hereditary diseases and phenomena associated with inbreeding depression.
Our cluster analysis of kinship and inbreeding coefficients suggests that the Thai or traditional Siamese cat could be considered as a subpopulation of the Siamese cat, which shares common ancestors, although they are considered as separate breeds. In addition, model-based cluster analysis could detect regional differences between Thai subpopulations. We show that by applying optimal contribution selection and simultaneously limiting the contributions by other breeds, the genetic diversity within subpopulations can be improved.
In principle, the European mainland Thai cat population can achieve a genetic diversity of about 26 founder genome equivalents, a value that could potentially sustain a genetically diverse population. However, reaching such a target will be difficult in the absence of a supervised breeding program. Suboptimal solutions can be obtained by minimisation of kinships within regional subpopulations. Exchanging animals between different regions on a small scale might be already quite useful to reduce the kinship, by achieving a potential diversity of 23 founder genome equivalents. However, contributions by other breeds should be minimised to preserve the original Siamese gene pool.
多年来，伴侣动物饲养者一直采用近亲繁殖或品系繁育，将理想的遗传性状从亲代传递给子代。与此同时，这导致了遗传疾病以及与近亲繁殖衰退相关现象的大量传播。
我们对亲缘系数和近亲繁殖系数的聚类分析表明，泰国猫或传统暹罗猫可被视为暹罗猫的一个亚群体，它们拥有共同的祖先，尽管它们被视为不同的品种。此外，基于模型的聚类分析能够检测泰国亚群体之间的区域差异。我们表明，通过应用最优贡献选择并同时限制其他品种的贡献，可以提高亚群体内部的遗传多样性。
原则上，欧洲大陆的泰国猫种群能够实现约26个奠基者基因组当量的遗传多样性，这一数值有可能维持一个基因多样化的种群。然而，在缺乏监督繁育计划的情况下，实现这一目标将很困难。通过最小化区域亚群体内部的亲缘关系可以获得次优解决方案。在不同区域之间小规模交换动物可能已经十分有助于降低亲缘关系，从而实现23个奠基者基因组当量的潜在多样性。然而，应尽量减少其他品种的贡献，以保护原始的暹罗猫基因库。
