儿童四种常见呼吸道病毒感染的流行病学特征。
Epidemiological characteristics of four common respiratory viral infections in children.
机构信息
Department of Pulmonology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, 3333, Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
Department of Internal Medicine, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
出版信息
Virol J. 2021 Jan 6;18(1):10. doi: 10.1186/s12985-020-01475-y.
BACKGROUND
Viruses are the main infectious agents of acute respiratory infections in children. We aim to describe the epidemiological characteristics of viral pathogens of acute respiratory tract infections in outpatient children.
METHODS
From April 2018 to March 2019, the results of viral detection using oral pharyngeal swabs from 103,210 children with acute respiratory tract infection in the outpatient department of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, were retrospectively analyzed. Viral antigens, including adenovirus (ADV), influenza A (FLUA), influenza B (FLUB) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), were detected by the colloidal gold method.
RESULTS
At least one virus was detected in 38,355 cases; the positivity rate was 37.2%. A total of 1910 cases of mixed infection with two or more viruses were detected, and the positivity rate of multiple infection was 1.9%. The ADV positivity rate was highest in the 3-6-year-old group (18.7%), the FLUA positivity rate was highest in the > 6-year-old group (21.6%), the FLUB positivity rate was highest in the > 6-year-old group (6.6%), and the RSV positivity rate was highest in the < 1-year-old group (10.6%). There was a significant difference in the positivity rate of viral infection among different age groups (χ = 1280.7, P < 0.001). The rate of positive viral infection was highest in winter (47.1%). The ADV infection rate was highest in spring (18.2%). The rates of FLUA and FLUB positivity were highest in winter (28.8% and 3.6%, respectively). The rate of RSV positivity was highest in autumn (17.4%). The rate of positive viral infection in different seasons was significantly different (χ = 6459.1, P < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Viral infection rates in children differ for different ages and seasons. The positivity rate of ADV is highest in the preschool period and that of RSV is highest in infants; that of FLU increases with age. The total positive rate of viral infection in different seasons is highest in winter, as is the rate of FLU positivity.
背景
病毒是儿童急性呼吸道感染的主要病原体。本研究旨在描述儿科门诊急性呼吸道感染患儿病毒病原体的流行病学特征。
方法
回顾性分析 2018 年 4 月至 2019 年 3 月浙江大学医学院附属儿童医院门诊 103210 例急性呼吸道感染患儿的咽拭子病毒检测结果。采用胶体金法检测腺病毒（ADV）、甲型流感病毒（FLUA）、乙型流感病毒（FLUB）和呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）等病毒抗原。
结果
至少检出 1 种病毒的患儿有 38355 例，阳性率为 37.2%；共检出混合感染 2 种及以上病毒 1910 例，多重感染阳性率为 1.9%。ADV 阳性率以 3~6 岁年龄组最高（18.7%），FLUA 阳性率以>6 岁年龄组最高（21.6%），FLUB 阳性率以>6 岁年龄组最高（6.6%），RSV 阳性率以<1 岁年龄组最高（10.6%）。不同年龄组病毒感染阳性率差异有统计学意义（χ²=1280.7，P<0.001）。病毒感染阳性率以冬季最高（47.1%），ADV 感染率以春季最高（18.2%），FLUA 和 FLUB 阳性率以冬季最高（28.8%和 3.6%），RSV 阳性率以秋季最高（17.4%）。不同季节病毒感染阳性率差异有统计学意义（χ²=6459.1，P<0.001）。
结论
儿童病毒感染率因年龄和季节而异。ADV 感染率在学龄前最高，RSV 感染率在婴儿期最高，FLU 感染率随年龄增长而增加。不同季节病毒总感染阳性率以冬季最高，FLU 阳性率亦以冬季最高。
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