Glebova Tatyana, Klivleyeva Nailya, Baimukhametova Assem, Lukmanova Galina, Saktaganov Nurbol, Ongarbayeva Nuray, Baimakhanova Baiken, Kassymova Gulmira, Sagatova Madisha, Rachimbayeva Almagul, Zhanuzakova Nazgul, Naidenova Tatyana, Rakhmonova Nigina, Webby Richard
The Research and Production Center for Microbiology and Virology, Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan.
Zhambyl Regional Multidisciplinary Center of Oncology and Surgery, Health Department of the Akimat of Zhambyl Region, Taraz 080003, Kazakhstan.
Pathogens. 2025 May 16;14(5):493. doi: 10.3390/pathogens14050493.
Respiratory tract infections cause serious morbidity and mortality and are a major public health problem. The objective of our study was detection of the prevalence of viral respiratory diseases in the territory of Kazakhstan during the epidemic period of 2018-2024. The presence of respiratory viruses in nasopharyngeal swabs was analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The level of specific antibodies in the blood serum was determined by hemagglutination inhibition assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In rtRT-PCR, patients were diagnosed with non-influenza viral respiratory tract infections as well as influenza viruses A(H1N1), A(H3N2), and B. Antibodies were detected against A(H1N1)pdm09, influenza A(H3N2), and influenza B viruses and with simultaneous detection of both viruses. The circulation of influenza A(H3N2) viruses belonging to the 3C.2a1b.2a.2a.3a.1 clade was confirmed by whole-genome sequencing. According to the results, in the period 2018-2024, the spread of influenza A and B viruses and non-influenza respiratory tract infections was observed. The data of this study confirm the role of known causative agents of epidemic infection and indicate the need to continue monitoring their spread in Kazakhstan, which may add to the general quality of the health system.
呼吸道感染会导致严重的发病和死亡，是一个重大的公共卫生问题。我们研究的目的是检测2018 - 2024年流行期间哈萨克斯坦境内病毒性呼吸道疾病的流行情况。使用实时聚合酶链反应分析鼻咽拭子中呼吸道病毒的存在情况。通过血凝抑制试验和酶联免疫吸附试验测定血清中特异性抗体的水平。在逆转录实时聚合酶链反应中，患者被诊断为非流感病毒引起的呼吸道感染以及甲型（H1N1）、甲型（H3N2）和乙型流感病毒感染。检测到针对甲型（H1N1）pdm09、甲型（H3N2）和乙型流感病毒的抗体，并且同时检测到了这两种病毒。通过全基因组测序证实了属于3C.2a1b.2a.2a.3a.1分支的甲型（H3N2）流感病毒的传播。根据研究结果，在2018 - 2024年期间，观察到了甲型和乙型流感病毒以及非流感呼吸道感染的传播情况。本研究的数据证实了已知流行病病原体的作用，并表明有必要继续监测它们在哈萨克斯坦的传播情况，这可能会提高卫生系统的整体质量。
