Saad Paul, Shendrik Karina S, Karroum Paul J, Azizi Heela, Jolayemi Ayodeji
Psychiatry, American University of Antigua College of Medicine, Coolidge, ATG.
Psychiatry, Interfaith Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA.
Cureus. 2020 Dec 2;12(12):e11846. doi: 10.7759/cureus.11846.
There have been an increasing number of functions attributed to the basal ganglia, such as cognitive, emotional, and motor functions. As a result, there is a growing interest to localize these functions to different subregions of the basal ganglia. Most research on localization has been conducted on animals. The experiments subdivide the basal ganglia regions into motor, limbic, and associative functioning areas. There are sparse reports on the localization of functions in humans. This paper attempts to provide such localization of function with a focus on the globus pallidus externus of the basal ganglia. We present the case of a young man who had impairment in mixed cognitive, perceptual, and mood disturbances. No significant motor symptoms were noted in the patient. Brain imaging demonstrated dense bilateral calcifications in the basal ganglia, bilaterally localizing to the anterior region of the globus pallidus externus. We discuss our findings in light of recent studies that imply that isolated pathology in the anterior region of the globus pallidus externus may be associated with behavioral, mood, and cognitive disturbance without motor symptoms.
基底神经节所具有的功能越来越多，如认知、情感和运动功能。因此，人们越来越有兴趣将这些功能定位到基底神经节的不同亚区域。大多数关于定位的研究是在动物身上进行的。实验将基底神经节区域细分为运动、边缘和联合功能区。关于人类功能定位的报道很少。本文试图聚焦于基底神经节的外侧苍白球，提供这样的功能定位。我们报告了一名年轻男性的病例，他存在混合性认知、感知和情绪障碍。患者未出现明显的运动症状。脑部成像显示基底神经节双侧有致密钙化，双侧定位于外侧苍白球的前部区域。我们根据最近的研究讨论了我们的发现，这些研究表明外侧苍白球前部的孤立病变可能与行为、情绪和认知障碍有关，而无运动症状。
