Independent Researcher, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh-462020, India.
Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh-462020, India.
Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 2021;21(5):416-427. doi: 10.2174/1568009620666210106122421.
Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) epitomize a class of non-coding regulatory RNAs with more than 200 nucleotides, which are long and situated in the nucleus or cytoplasm and rarely encode proteins. Accruing evidence signposts that lncRNAs act as molecular switches in different cellular activities like differentiation, apoptosis, as well as reprogramming of cellular states by modifying gene expression patterns. The revelation of immense numbers of lncRNA with their wide variety of expression patterns in different kinds of malignancy, tumor explicitness, and their steadiness in circulating body fluids deliver an innovative groundwork for emerging diagnosis and treatments for cancer. Mechanisms associating lncRNAs in carcinogenesis are conquered by deregulation of cellular signaling pathways and altered epitranscriptome along with their expression. Specified these attributes, it becomes clear that the improvement of new tools to identify lncRNAs with higher affectability will be fundamental to allow the identification of the expression pattern of lncRNAs in various kinds of malignant growth and may likewise be utilized to envisage cancer prognosis in addition to the patients' outcome. Improvement of RNA targeting-based therapeutics is delivering incredible prospects to modulate lncRNAs for anti-cancer initiatives. Henceforth, lncRNAs can be used exclusively as possible cancer biomarkers for early diagnosis and anticipation of malignancy, as well as metastasis. In addition to the basic curative targets and along these, lncRNAs hold resilient assurance towards the revelation of innovative diagnostics and therapeutics for malignant growth with the interface of epitranscriptomics information. This review aims to briefly discuss the latest findings regarding the roles and mechanisms of some important lncRNAs in the pathogenesis, regulation, and lncRNA-associated epigenetics of cancer along with targeting lncRNAs with potential approaches for impending diagnosis and therapeutic intervention in malignancies.
长链非编码 RNA（lncRNA）是一类具有超过 200 个核苷酸的非编码调控 RNA，它们长度较长，位于核内或细胞质中，很少编码蛋白质。越来越多的证据表明，lncRNA 可以作为分子开关，在细胞分化、凋亡以及细胞状态重编程等不同的细胞活动中，通过改变基因表达模式来发挥作用。大量的 lncRNA 在不同类型的恶性肿瘤、肿瘤特异性以及它们在循环体液中的稳定性中表现出广泛的表达模式，为癌症的新兴诊断和治疗提供了创新的基础。lncRNA 在肿瘤发生中的作用机制是通过细胞信号通路的失调和表观转录组的改变及其表达来实现的。考虑到这些特性，很明显，开发新的工具来识别具有更高敏感性的 lncRNA 将是至关重要的，这将有助于识别各种恶性肿瘤中 lncRNA 的表达模式，并可用于预测癌症预后以及患者的结果。基于 RNA 靶向的治疗方法的改进为调节 lncRNA 以进行抗癌研究提供了令人难以置信的前景。因此，lncRNA 可以单独用作癌症早期诊断和预防以及转移的潜在生物标志物。除了基本的治疗靶点外，lncRNA 还在肿瘤的表遗传学信息界面上为癌症的诊断和治疗提供了新的靶点。本文旨在简要讨论一些重要 lncRNA 在癌症发病机制、调控和 lncRNA 相关表观遗传学中的作用和机制的最新研究结果，并探讨靶向 lncRNA 的潜在方法在恶性肿瘤中的应用，为癌症的诊断和治疗干预提供新的思路。
