Granieri Antonella, Bonafede Michela, Marinaccio Alessandro, Iavarone Ivano, Marsili Daniela, Franzoi Isabella Giulia
Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene Department, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority (INAIL), Rome, Italy.
Front Psychol. 2020 Dec 22;11:584320. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.584320. eCollection 2020.
Since its emergence, the novel coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) has had enormous physical, social, and psychological impacts worldwide. The aim of this article was to identify elements of our knowledge on asbestos exposure and malignant mesothelioma (MM) that can provide insight into the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and be used to develop adequate interventions. Although the etiology of Covid-19 and MM differs, their psychological impacts have common characteristics: in both diseases, there is a feeling of being exposed through aerial contagion to an "invisible killer" without boundaries that can strike even the strongest individuals. In both cases, affected persons can experience personality dysfunction, anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic symptoms; helplessness, hopelessness, and projection of destructive thoughts onto external forces often emerge, while defense mechanisms such as denial, splitting, repression, and reduced emotional expression are used by individuals to contain their overwhelming anxieties. We believe that in both diseases, an integrated multidimensional intervention offered by hospitals and other public health services is the most effective approach to alleviating patients' and caregivers' psychological distress. In particular, we emphasize that in the context of both MM and COVID-19, Brief Psychoanalytic Group therapy can help patients and caregivers attribute meaning to the significant changes in their lives related to the experience of the disease and identify adaptive strategies and more realistic relational modalities to deal with what has happened to them. We also highlight the importance of developing a surveillance system that includes individual anamnestic evaluation of occupational risk factors for COVID-19 disease.
自2019年新型冠状病毒病（COVID-19）出现以来，它在全球范围内造成了巨大的身体、社会和心理影响。本文旨在确定我们在石棉暴露与恶性间皮瘤（MM）方面的知识要素，这些要素能够为洞察COVID-19大流行的心理影响提供思路，并用于制定适当的干预措施。尽管COVID-19和MM的病因不同，但它们的心理影响具有共同特征：在这两种疾病中，都有一种通过空气传播接触到“无形杀手”的感觉，这个“杀手”毫无界限，甚至可以袭击最强壮的个体。在这两种情况下，患者都可能出现人格功能障碍、焦虑、抑郁和创伤后症状；无助感、绝望感以及将破坏性想法投射到外部力量的情况经常出现，而个体则会使用否认、分裂、压抑和减少情感表达等防御机制来控制其压倒性的焦虑情绪。我们认为，对于这两种疾病，由医院和其他公共卫生服务机构提供的综合多维度干预是缓解患者及其照顾者心理困扰的最有效方法。特别是，我们强调，在MM和COVID-19的背景下，简短精神分析团体治疗可以帮助患者及其照顾者为与疾病经历相关的生活重大变化赋予意义，并确定适应性策略以及更现实的关系模式，以应对所发生在他们身上的事情。我们还强调了建立一个监测系统的重要性，该系统应包括对COVID-19疾病职业风险因素的个体既往史评估。
