Wood R A, Eggleston P A, Lind P, Ingemann L, Schwartz B, Graveson S, Terry D, Wheeler B, Adkinson N F
Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
Am Rev Respir Dis. 1988 Feb;137(2):358-63. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm/137.2.358.
Household dust samples from the homes of 106 allergy clinic patients in Baltimore were analyzed for specific allergen content. Dust mite antigen content was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) specific for the major allergens of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, D. farinae, and D. microceras. Cat and dog antigen content were determined by ELISA using antisera for Fel d 1 (formerly cat allergen 1) and dog allergens 3 and 13, respectively. Mold content was assessed by culture with microscopic identification. Dust mite antigen was detected in 99% of homes (D. farinae, 95%; D. pteronyssinus, 88%; D. microceras, 31%), with total antigen content ranging from 50 ng/g dust (the lower limit of detection) to 30,170 ng/g (median, 1,123 ng/g). Animal allergens were found in 100% of samples (cat: range, 2 to 130,000 ng Fel d 1/g; median, 90 ng/g; dog: range, 112.5 to 585,000 IU/g; median, 2,719.5 IU/g). Although there were highly significant differences in antigen content (p less than 0.001) between homes with and without a particular pet in residence, many homes without pets contained pet allergens at high concentrations. Molds were also detected in 100% of homes (range, 4 to 761 colonies/30 mg dust; median, 72 colonies/30 mg). No correlation was demonstrated between antigen content and skin test results, a history of asthma, symptoms on allergen exposure, or the age of the home (except for molds) for any of the allergens detected. We conclude that dust mite allergens, cat and dog allergens, and molds are virtually ubiquitous in Baltimore homes and that our ability to predict the presence and relative quantities of these allergens on clinical grounds is very limited.
对巴尔的摩106名过敏门诊患者家中的家庭灰尘样本进行了特定过敏原含量分析。通过针对粉尘螨、粉螨和微角螨主要过敏原的酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）来确定尘螨抗原含量。猫和狗抗原含量分别通过使用针对猫过敏原1（原猫过敏原1）和狗过敏原3及13的抗血清的ELISA来测定。通过培养并进行显微镜鉴定来评估霉菌含量。在99%的家庭中检测到尘螨抗原（粉螨，95%；粉尘螨，88%；微角螨，31%），总抗原含量范围为50 ng/g灰尘（检测下限）至30,170 ng/g（中位数，1,123 ng/g）。在100%的样本中发现了动物过敏原（猫：范围，2至130,000 ng猫过敏原1/g；中位数，90 ng/g；狗：范围，112.5至585,000 IU/g；中位数，2,719.5 IU/g）。尽管有宠物居住和没有宠物居住的家庭之间抗原含量存在高度显著差异（p小于0.001），但许多没有宠物的家庭中宠物过敏原浓度很高。在100%的家庭中也检测到了霉菌（范围，4至761个菌落/30 mg灰尘；中位数，72个菌落/30 mg）。对于检测到的任何过敏原，抗原含量与皮肤试验结果、哮喘病史、接触过敏原时的症状或房屋使用年限（霉菌除外）之间均未显示出相关性。我们得出结论，尘螨过敏原、猫和狗过敏原以及霉菌在巴尔的摩家庭中几乎无处不在，并且我们基于临床依据预测这些过敏原的存在和相对数量的能力非常有限。
