Leaderer Brian P, Belanger Kathleen, Triche Elizabeth, Holford Theodore, Gold Diane R, Kim Young, Jankun Thomas, Ren Ping, McSharry Je Jean-ellen, Platts-Mills Thomas A E, Chapman Martin D, Bracken Michael B
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8034, USA.
Environ Health Perspect. 2002 Apr;110(4):419-25. doi: 10.1289/ehp.02110419.
Home exposures to aeroallergens are an important environmental factor in allergic sensitization and in the development and exacerbation of asthma. We assessed variations in home concentrations of dust mite, cockroach, cat, and dog allergens in dust collected in the main living areas of asthmatics' homes by family income, mother's education, dwelling type, population density, household population density, and ethnicity in Connecticut and south-central Massachusetts. Dust samples were collected at the time of home interview in 999 homes as part of an ongoing longitudinal birth cohort study of 1,002 infants and their asthmatic siblings. The analysis employed lower and upper cut points for group 1 dust mite (> or = 2.0 microg/g and > or = 10 microg/g), cockroach (> or = 1.0 U/g and > or = 4.0 U/g), cat (> or = 1.0 microg/g and > or = 8.0 ug/g), and dog (> or = 2.0 microg/g and > or = 10.0 microg/g) allergens. Subject residences were geocoded to assess population density from the U.S. Census, and multiple logistic regression was used to control for confounding. The portion of homes at the lower cut point for dust mite, cockroach, cat, and dog allergens were 46.9%, 24.9%, 42.2%, and 35.6%, respectively; the upper cut point for each of the allergens was reached in 22.4%, 13.4%, 21.0%, and 22.9% of the homes, respectively. In all, 86.0% of the homes had at least one allergen at the lower cut point, and 58.0% had at least one allergen at the upper cut point. Forty-nine percent of the homes had two or more allergens at the lower cut point, and 19.7% had two or more allergens at the upper cut point. Higher education of the mother, higher household income, living in a single-family home in a less densely populated area with fewer people per room, and being a white household were associated with elevated dust mite, cat, and dog allergens and low cockroach allergen. In contrast, low income, living in a multifamily home in a high population density area with a higher occupancy rate per room, and being a Hispanic or black household were associated with elevated cockroach allergens and low concentrations of dust mite, cat, and dog allergens. Although the presence of an individual allergen is more likely associated with one or more socioeconomic or ethnic factors, most homes typically have multiple allergen burdens in excess of concentrations thought to be associated with sensitization and exacerbation of asthma. Mite and cockroach allergens have distinct and opposite associations with socioeconomic factors and population density.
家庭接触空气过敏原是过敏致敏以及哮喘发生和加重的一个重要环境因素。我们根据家庭收入、母亲受教育程度、居住类型、人口密度、家庭人口密度和种族，评估了康涅狄格州和马萨诸塞州中南部哮喘患者家中主要居住区域收集的灰尘中尘螨、蟑螂、猫和狗过敏原的家庭浓度差异。作为一项正在进行的对1002名婴儿及其哮喘兄弟姐妹的纵向出生队列研究的一部分，在999户家庭进行家访时收集了灰尘样本。分析采用了第1组尘螨（≥2.0微克/克和≥10微克/克）、蟑螂（≥1.0单位/克和≥4.0单位/克）、猫（≥1.0微克/克和≥8.0微克/克）和狗（≥2.0微克/克和≥10.0微克/克）过敏原的下限和上限切点。对受试者的居住地址进行地理编码，以根据美国人口普查评估人口密度，并使用多元逻辑回归来控制混杂因素。尘螨、蟑螂、猫和狗过敏原下限切点的家庭比例分别为46.9%、24.9%、42.2%和35.6%；每种过敏原的上限切点分别在22.4%、13.4%、21.0%和22.9%的家庭中达到。总体而言，86.0%的家庭在下限切点至少有一种过敏原，58.0%的家庭在上限切点至少有一种过敏原。49%的家庭在下限切点有两种或更多过敏原，19.7%的家庭在上限切点有两种或更多过敏原。母亲受高等教育、家庭收入较高、居住在人口密度较低、每间房人数较少的独栋房屋中以及是白人家庭，与尘螨、猫和狗过敏原浓度升高以及蟑螂过敏原浓度低有关。相比之下，低收入、居住在人口密度高、每间房入住率高的多户家庭中以及是西班牙裔或黑人家庭，与蟑螂过敏原浓度升高以及尘螨、猫和狗过敏原浓度低有关。尽管单一过敏原的存在更可能与一种或多种社会经济或种族因素相关，但大多数家庭通常有多种过敏原负担，超过了被认为与哮喘致敏和加重相关的浓度。螨和蟑螂过敏原与社会经济因素和人口密度有明显且相反的关联。
