Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Patras, 30100 Agrinio, Greece.
Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Apr 15;765:144163. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144163. Epub 2020 Dec 17.
The last few decades, Pharmaceutical Active Compounds (PhACs) have been considered as emerging contaminants due to their continuous release and persistence to aquatic environment even at low concentrations. A growing number of research articles have shown the occurrence of numerous PhACs in various wastewater treatment plant influents, hospital effluents, and surface waters all over the world. The rising concern regarding PhACs, which present high recalcitrance towards conventional treatment methods, has provoked extensive research in the field of their effective remediation. This review provides a comprehensive assessment of homogeneous and heterogeneous photocatalytic applications for the removal of PhACs, from real or artificial hospital wastewater effluents. These two representative advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are assessed in terms of their efficiency to remove PhACs, reduce the COD and toxicity as well as increase the biodegradability of the effluent. Simultaneously with their efficiency the operational costs of the processes are considered. Their potential combination with other processes is critically discussed, as this option seems to enhance the treatment efficiency and simultaneously overcome the limitations of each individual process. Moreover, the type of reactors as well as the main parameters that should be considered for the design and the development of photoreactors for wastewater treatment are reviewed. Finally, based on the literature survey, indications for future work are provided.
在过去的几十年中，由于其持续释放和在低浓度下对水生环境的持久性，药物活性化合物 (PhACs) 被认为是新兴污染物。越来越多的研究文章表明，在世界各地的各种废水处理厂进水、医院废水和地表水 中都存在许多 PhACs。由于 PhACs 对传统处理方法具有很高的抗降解性，人们对此越来越关注，这促使人们在其有效修复领域进行了广泛的研究。
本综述全面评估了均相和非均相光催化技术在去除真实或人工医院废水废水中 PhACs 的应用。这两种代表性的高级氧化工艺 (AOPs) 从去除 PhACs、降低 COD 和毒性以及提高废水生物降解性的角度进行了评估。同时考虑了这些过程的操作成本。还批判性地讨论了它们与其他过程的潜在组合，因为这种选择似乎可以提高处理效率，同时克服每个单独过程的局限性。此外，还综述了用于废水处理的光反应器的反应器类型以及为设计和开发光反应器应考虑的主要参数。最后，根据文献调查，为未来的工作提供了一些指示。
