Sekhon Ujjal Didar Singh, Sen Gupta Anirban
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44102, United States.
ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2018 Apr 9;4(4):1176-1192. doi: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00013. Epub 2017 Jun 9.
Wound healing is a complex biological process involving distinct phases of hemostasis, immune response, and inflammatory events, regulated cellular proliferation, and matrix remodeling. While immune and inflammatory cellular phenotypes (e.g., neutrophils and monocyte/macrophages) are often the focus of wound healing studies, the initial hemostatic and sustained secretory role of platelets to modulate the various mechanistic phases of wound healing via clot promotion, clot stabilization and retraction, release of various growth factors and cytokines from active platelet granules, and release of matrix remodeling enzymes is becoming exceedingly appreciated in preclinical and clinical settings. This has led to extensive studies using platelet-based products like platelet-rich-plasma (PRP) suspensions and gels as topical and injectable technologies to augment wound healing in both soft and hard tissues. In parallel, a robust volume of research is currently being directed at mimicking and leveraging the hemostatic and secretory mechanisms of platelets utilizing various lipidic and polymeric biomaterials systems. The current article is aimed at providing a review of platelet involvement in wound healing mechanisms and subsequently discussing the current state-of-the-art regarding various platelet-based as well as biomaterials-based approaches and technologies to promote wound healing.
伤口愈合是一个复杂的生物学过程，涉及止血、免疫反应、炎症事件、细胞增殖调控和基质重塑等不同阶段。虽然免疫和炎症细胞表型（如中性粒细胞和单核细胞/巨噬细胞）常常是伤口愈合研究的重点，但血小板在伤口愈合的各个机制阶段所起的初始止血和持续分泌作用正日益受到临床前和临床环境的重视，这些作用包括促进凝血、稳定和回缩凝块、从活化的血小板颗粒中释放各种生长因子和细胞因子，以及释放基质重塑酶。这促使人们开展了大量研究，使用富含血小板血浆（PRP）悬浮液和凝胶等基于血小板的产品作为局部和可注射技术，以促进软组织和硬组织的伤口愈合。与此同时，目前大量研究致力于利用各种脂质和聚合物生物材料系统模拟和利用血小板的止血和分泌机制。本文旨在综述血小板在伤口愈合机制中的作用，随后讨论当前关于各种基于血小板以及基于生物材料的促进伤口愈合的方法和技术的最新进展。
