Sung Yong Kiel, Lee Dae Ryeong, Chung Dong June
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Dogguk University, Phil-dong, Seoul, South Korea.
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea.
Biomater Res. 2021 Nov 12;25(1):37. doi: 10.1186/s40824-021-00239-1.
Medical hemostatic biological materials are necessary for the development of the process of preventing and stopping damaged intravascular bleeding. In the process, some red blood cells and white blood cells are trapped in nets. The resulting plug is called a blood clot. This is often a good step in wound healing, but separation of blood clots from blood vessel walls can cause serious health problems.
The advance in the development of hemostatic biomaterials is necessary for biomedical application. Firstly, the historical background of artificial hemostasis has been included and the current research of hemostasis has been included in more detail. Secondly, the current research of hemostasis has been included on the oxidized cellulose-based hemostatic biomaterials such as starch based on composite cross-linking hemostatic networks, hemostatic materials on NHS-esters, hemostatic agent from local materials and biomaterials for hemostatic management. Thirdly, polysaccharide hemostatic materials, bio-inspired adhesive catechol-conjugated chitosan, mesoporous silica and bioactive glasses for improved hemostasis, minimally invasive hemostatic biomaterials and chitosan-base materials for hemostatic application have been included. Fourthly, the biological properties of natural hemostatic agent by plasma technology and the hemostatic agents based on gelatin-microbial transglutaminase mixes have been also included.
Current research on hemostasis includes hemostatic biomaterials such as cellulose-based hemostatic starch based on a complex cross-linked hemostatic network. It also includes polysaccharide hemostatic materials, biomimetic adhesive catechol-binding chitosan, mesoporous silica or physiologically active glass for hemostatic improvement, minimally invasive hemostatic chitosan-based materials, and gelatin-microbial transglutaminase-based hemostatic agents. Future studies should focus on modular combination of hemostatic imitation and reinforcement mechanisms of different materials and technologies to find the optimal system to promote and strengthen active platelet or platelet imitation aggregation in bleeding sites. The second optionally increases the production of thrombin and fiber formation at the site. Third, the formed fibrin biopolymer network has strengthened to reduce thrombosis and amplify hemostasis.
医用止血生物材料对于预防和制止血管内出血过程的发展至关重要。在此过程中，一些红细胞和白细胞被困在网中。由此形成的凝块称为血凝块。这通常是伤口愈合的良好步骤，但血凝块与血管壁分离会导致严重的健康问题。
止血生物材料的发展进步对于生物医学应用是必要的。首先，介绍了人工止血的历史背景，并更详细地介绍了当前的止血研究。其次，介绍了基于氧化纤维素的止血生物材料的当前研究，如基于复合交联止血网络的淀粉、基于NHS酯的止血材料、来自当地材料的止血剂以及用于止血管理的生物材料。第三，介绍了多糖止血材料、具有生物启发性的黏附儿茶酚共轭壳聚糖、用于改善止血的介孔二氧化硅和生物活性玻璃、微创止血生物材料以及用于止血应用的壳聚糖基材料。第四，还介绍了通过等离子体技术的天然止血剂的生物学特性以及基于明胶-微生物转谷氨酰胺酶混合物的止血剂。
当前的止血研究包括基于复杂交联止血网络的纤维素基止血淀粉等止血生物材料。还包括多糖止血材料、仿生黏附儿茶酚结合壳聚糖、用于改善止血的介孔二氧化硅或生理活性玻璃、微创壳聚糖基止血材料以及基于明胶-微生物转谷氨酰胺酶的止血剂。未来的研究应侧重于不同材料和技术的止血模拟和强化机制的模块化组合，以找到促进和加强出血部位活性血小板或血小板模拟聚集的最佳系统。其次，可选择增加该部位凝血酶的产生和纤维形成。第三，强化形成的纤维蛋白生物聚合物网络以减少血栓形成并增强止血效果。
