Department of Psychology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.
Percept Mot Skills. 2021 Apr;128(2):585-604. doi: 10.1177/0031512520987361. Epub 2021 Jan 10.
The perception of time is not veridical, but, rather, it is susceptible to environmental context, like the intrinsic dynamics of moving stimuli. The direction of motion has been reported to affect time perception such that movement of objects toward an observer (i.e., looming stimuli) is perceived as longer in duration than movement of objects away from the observer (i.e., receding stimuli). In the current study we investigated whether this looming/receding temporal asymmetry can be modulated by the direction of movement implied by static cues of images. Participants were presented with images of a running person, rendered from either the front or the back (i.e., representing movement toward or away from the observer). In Experiment 1, the size of the images was constant. In Experiment 2, the image sizes varied (i.e., increasing: looming; or decreasing: receding). In both experiments, participants performed a temporal bisection task by judging the duration of the image presentation as "short" or "long". In Experiment 1, we found no influence of implied-motion direction in the participants' duration perceptions. In Experiment 2, however, participants overestimated the duration of the looming, as compared to the receding image in relation to real motion. This finding replicated previous findings of the looming/receding asymmetry using naturalistic human-character stimuli. Further, in Experiment 2 we observed a directional congruency effect between real and implied motion; stimuli were perceived as lasting longer when the directions of real and implied motion were congruent versus when these directions were incongruent. Thus, looming (versus receding) movement, a perceptually salient stimulus, elicits differential temporal processing, and higher-order motion processing integrates signals of real and implied motion in time perception.
时间感知并非真实的，而是容易受到环境背景的影响，比如运动刺激的内在动态。运动的方向已被报道会影响时间感知，使得物体向观察者移动（即逼近刺激）的持续时间比物体远离观察者移动（即退离刺激）的持续时间更长。在当前研究中，我们调查了这种逼近/退离时间不对称性是否可以通过图像的静态线索暗示的运动方向来调节。参与者被呈现跑步者的图像，这些图像从前或后呈现（即代表向观察者移动或远离观察者移动）。在实验 1 中，图像的大小是恒定的。在实验 2 中，图像大小变化（即，增大：逼近；或减小：退离）。在这两个实验中，参与者通过判断图像呈现的持续时间为“短”或“长”来执行时间二分任务。在实验 1 中，我们发现暗示运动方向对参与者的持续时间感知没有影响。然而，在实验 2 中，与实际运动相比，参与者高估了逼近图像的持续时间，而低估了退离图像的持续时间。这一发现复制了先前使用自然人类特征刺激的逼近/退离不对称性的发现。此外，在实验 2 中，我们观察到真实和暗示运动之间存在方向一致性效应；当真实和暗示运动的方向一致时，刺激被感知为持续时间更长，而当这些方向不一致时，刺激被感知为持续时间更短。因此，逼近（相对于退离）运动，一种知觉上突出的刺激，会引发不同的时间处理，并且更高阶的运动处理会在时间感知中整合真实和暗示运动的信号。
