Jeitler Michael, Michalsen Andreas, Frings Daniela, Hübner Marisa, Fischer Moritz, Koppold-Liebscher Daniela A, Murthy Vijay, Kessler Christian S
Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Immanuel Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Front Pharmacol. 2020 Nov 11;11:580656. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.580656. eCollection 2020.
Medicinal mushrooms are widely used in East Asia for the treatment of various diseases, especially in complementary cancer care. While there is a growing interest in medicinal mushrooms in Western countries and an increasing number of pre-clinical studies indicate distinct anti-cancer and regenerative properties, little is known about their potential relevance for clinical practice. This review aims to provide an overview of the clinical evidence, significance and potential role of medicinal mushrooms in complementary cancer care. Scientific databases for (randomized) controlled clinical trials evaluating whole spectrum formulations of medicinal mushrooms (mushroom powder and mushroom extracts) in cancer patients during and/or after conventional oncological treatment were searched. Eight studies met our inclusion criteria (eight randomized controlled trials, one controlled clinical trial). The medicinal mushrooms investigated were (two trials), (two trials), (one trial), (one trial) and (three trials); all were compared to placebo and administered orally. A variety of cancer entities, outcomes and treatment durations were observed. Study results suggested beneficial effects of medicinal mushrooms, particularly quality of life and reduction of adverse effects of conventional therapies. Also, positive effects on antitumor activity and immunomodulation were reported, e.g., an increased activity of natural killer cells. In addition, results might suggest a longer survival of cancer patients receiving mushroom preparations, although in most studies this was not significant when compared to placebo. Adverse events of treatment with medicinal mushrooms were poorly reported; gastrointestinal reactions and a decrease in platelet cell count occurred in some cases. The methodological quality of most studies was generally unsatisfying and most results were insufficiently reported in several respects. Medicinal mushrooms may have a therapeutic potential for cancer patients during and after conventional oncological care with regards to quality of life, reduction of adverse effects of conventional care and possibly other surrogate parameters like immune function. There is an urgent need to investigate the safety and possible interactions of medicinal mushrooms. High-quality clinical research is warranted in order to clarify the potential of medicinal mushrooms in cancer therapy.
药用蘑菇在东亚被广泛用于治疗各种疾病，尤其是在癌症辅助治疗方面。虽然西方国家对药用蘑菇的兴趣日益浓厚，越来越多的临床前研究表明其具有明显的抗癌和再生特性，但对于它们在临床实践中的潜在相关性却知之甚少。本综述旨在概述药用蘑菇在癌症辅助治疗中的临床证据、意义和潜在作用。我们检索了科学数据库，以查找评估药用蘑菇全谱制剂（蘑菇粉和蘑菇提取物）在癌症患者接受传统肿瘤治疗期间和/或之后的（随机）对照临床试验。八项研究符合我们的纳入标准（八项随机对照试验，一项对照临床试验）。所研究的药用蘑菇有（两项试验）、（两项试验）、（一项试验）、（一项试验）和（三项试验）；所有这些均与安慰剂进行比较，并通过口服给药。观察到了多种癌症类型、结果和治疗持续时间。研究结果表明药用蘑菇具有有益效果，特别是对生活质量的改善以及传统疗法不良反应的减少。此外，还报道了对抗肿瘤活性和免疫调节的积极影响，例如自然杀伤细胞活性的增加。另外，结果可能表明接受蘑菇制剂治疗的癌症患者生存期更长，尽管在大多数研究中与安慰剂相比这并不显著。关于药用蘑菇治疗的不良事件报道较少；在某些情况下出现了胃肠道反应和血小板细胞计数下降。大多数研究的方法学质量普遍不尽人意，并且在几个方面大多数结果报告不充分。药用蘑菇在传统肿瘤治疗期间及之后，对于癌症患者的生活质量、减少传统治疗的不良反应以及可能的其他替代参数如免疫功能等方面可能具有治疗潜力。迫切需要研究药用蘑菇的安全性和可能的相互作用。有必要开展高质量的临床研究以阐明药用蘑菇在癌症治疗中的潜力。
