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具有可折叠甲虫翅膀的仿生飞机滑翔飞行气动性能的仿真分析

Simulation Analysis of the Aerodynamic Performance of a Bionic Aircraft with Foldable Beetle Wings in Gliding Flight.

作者信息

Wang Caidong, Ning Yu, Wang Xinjie, Zhang Junqiu, Wang Liangwen

机构信息

College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China.

Henan Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing of Mechanical Equipment, Zhengzhou 450002, China.

出版信息

Appl Bionics Biomech. 2020 Dec 24;2020:8843360. doi: 10.1155/2020/8843360. eCollection 2020.

DOI:10.1155/2020/8843360
PMID:33425005
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7775174/
Abstract

Beetles have excellent flight performance. Based on the four-plate mechanism theory, a novel bionic flapping aircraft with foldable beetle wings was designed. It can perform flapping, gliding, wing folding, and abduction/adduction movements with a self-locking function. In order to study the flight characteristics of beetles and improve their gliding performance, this paper used a two-way Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) numerical simulation method to focus on the gliding performance of the bionic flapping aircraft. The effects of elastic model, rigid and flexible wing, angle of attack, and velocity on the aerodynamic characteristics of the aircraft in gliding flight are analyzed. It was found that the elastic modulus of the flexible hinges has little effect on the aerodynamic performance of the aircraft. Both the rigid and the flexible wings have a maximum lift-to-drag ratio when the attack angle is 10°. The lift increased with the increase of the gliding speed, and it was found that the lift cannot support the gliding movement at low speeds. In order to achieve gliding, considering the weight and flight performance, the weight of the microair vehicle is controlled at about 3 g, and the gliding speed is guaranteed to be greater than 6.5 m/s. The results of this study are of great significance for the design of bionic flapping aircrafts.

摘要

甲虫具有出色的飞行性能。基于四板机构理论，设计了一种具有可折叠甲虫翅膀的新型仿生扑翼飞行器。它能够执行扑动、滑翔、翅膀折叠以及展收运动，并具有自锁功能。为了研究甲虫的飞行特性并提高其滑翔性能，本文采用双向流固耦合（FSI）数值模拟方法，重点研究仿生扑翼飞行器的滑翔性能。分析了弹性模型、刚性和柔性翅膀、攻角以及速度对飞行器滑翔飞行中空气动力学特性的影响。研究发现，柔性铰链的弹性模量对飞行器的空气动力学性能影响较小。刚性和柔性翅膀在攻角为10°时都具有最大升阻比。升力随着滑翔速度的增加而增大，并且发现在低速时升力无法支持滑翔运动。为了实现滑翔，考虑到重量和飞行性能，将微型飞行器的重量控制在约3克，并确保滑翔速度大于6.5米/秒。本研究结果对仿生扑翼飞行器的设计具有重要意义。

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