Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, West Bengal, India.
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Shalom Institute of health and allied sciences, SHUATS, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India, 211007.
Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst. 2020;37(6):511-551. doi: 10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2020030291.
Many of the recently approved drug molecules that are therapeutically successful are found to be incompatible for the development of a novel delivery system and to take part in various health care management. Regardless of having better therapeutic properties, these molecules are barred from their effective clinical uses. The main reason attributed to it is poor solubility and/or poor permeability of drugs which finally emerges the drug to be low bioavailable. Nanoemulsions are one of the most acceptable nanolipoidal drug delivery system and appears to be a hope for the delivery of many of the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) class II and IV drugs. A nanoemulsion is a thermodynamically unstable isotropic mixture of oil, surfactant, and co-surfactants and is biphasic in nature. It can be either water in oil or oil in water and droplets are found in the range of 5 to 500 nm. The manufacturing and fabrication of nanoemulsions involve various natural, synthetic and semi synthetic materials using either low or high-energy methods. Application of nanoemulsions as a novel drug delivery system through several routes, especially oral, transdermal, ophthalmic, and intranasal, have been increased for various pharmacological aspects such as cardiovascular, anticancer, antimicrobial, and ophthalmic due to their stability, high solubilization capacity, and ease of preparation. The objective of this review is to focus on the aspects of manufacturing, fabrication, application, and some toxicological concerns related to nanoemulsions.
许多最近被批准的药物分子在治疗上是成功的，但却发现它们不适合开发新的给药系统，也不适合参与各种医疗保健管理。尽管这些分子具有更好的治疗特性，但由于药物的溶解度和/或渗透性差，它们被禁止用于有效的临床用途。主要原因是药物的生物利用度低。纳米乳剂是最可接受的纳米脂质药物传递系统之一，似乎为许多生物制药分类系统 (BCS) 类 II 和 IV 药物的传递带来了希望。纳米乳剂是一种热力学上不稳定的各向同性油、表面活性剂和助表面活性剂混合物，本质上是双相的。它可以是油包水或水包油，并且液滴的范围在 5 到 500nm 之间。纳米乳剂的制造和制造涉及使用低能或高能方法的各种天然、合成和半合成材料。纳米乳剂作为一种新型药物传递系统的应用通过多种途径，特别是口服、透皮、眼和鼻内途径，由于其稳定性、高溶解能力和易于制备，已经在心血管、抗癌、抗菌和眼科等各个药理学方面得到了增加。本综述的目的是重点关注纳米乳剂的制造、制造、应用以及与纳米乳剂相关的一些毒理学问题。
