Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India.
Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia.
J Proteome Res. 2021 Feb 5;20(2):1107-1132. doi: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00771. Epub 2021 Jan 11.
Human infectious diseases are contributed equally by the host immune system's efficiency and any pathogens' infectivity. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the coronavirus strain causing the respiratory pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To understand the pathobiology of SARS-CoV-2, one needs to unravel the intricacies of host immune response to the virus, the viral pathogen's mode of transmission, and alterations in specific biological pathways in the host allowing viral survival. This review critically analyzes recent research using high-throughput "omics" technologies (including proteomics and metabolomics) on various biospecimens that allow an increased understanding of the pathobiology of SARS-CoV-2 in humans. The altered biomolecule profile facilitates an understanding of altered biological pathways. Further, we have performed a meta-analysis of significantly altered biomolecular profiles in COVID-19 patients using bioinformatics tools. Our analysis deciphered alterations in the immune response, fatty acid, and amino acid metabolism and other pathways that cumulatively result in COVID-19 disease, including symptoms such as hyperglycemic and hypoxic sequelae.
人类传染病的发生既与宿主免疫系统的效率有关，也与任何病原体的传染性有关。严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）是引起呼吸道大流行的冠状病毒病 2019（COVID-19）的冠状病毒株。为了了解 SARS-CoV-2 的发病机制，需要揭示宿主对病毒的免疫反应的复杂性、病毒病原体的传播方式以及宿主中允许病毒存活的特定生物学途径的改变。本综述批判性地分析了最近使用高通量“组学”技术（包括蛋白质组学和代谢组学）对各种生物样本进行的研究，这些研究增加了对人类 SARS-CoV-2 发病机制的理解。改变的生物分子谱有助于理解改变的生物学途径。此外，我们使用生物信息学工具对 COVID-19 患者中明显改变的生物分子谱进行了荟萃分析。我们的分析揭示了免疫反应、脂肪酸和氨基酸代谢以及其他途径的改变，这些改变共同导致 COVID-19 疾病，包括高血糖和缺氧等症状。
