成年人听力障碍的患病率和发病率：一项为期 13 年的随访研究。
Prevalence and incidence of hearing impairment among adults: a 13-year follow-up study.
机构信息
Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Finland and Medical Research Centre Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
出版信息
Int J Audiol. 2021 Sep;60(9):687-694. doi: 10.1080/14992027.2020.1865581. Epub 2021 Jan 10.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and incidence of hearing impairment (HI) in a longitudinal setting among adults.
DESIGN
An unscreened, population-based epidemiological 13-year follow-up study. Study sample: 850 randomly sampled 54 to 66-year-old baseline participants, of whom 559 participated in the follow-up study at the age of 68 to 79 years. A questionnaire-based interview, an otological examination and pure-tone audiometry were performed.
RESULTS
The overall prevalence of HI was 70.3%, defined by better ear hearing level (BEHL) ≥ 20 dB in the 0.5-4 kHz frequency range. The prevalence was higher among men (78.6%) than among women (63.7%). The overall incidence rate for HI was 45.8 per 1000 person years and the 13-year cumulative incidence was 60.9%. The incidence was higher among men and older participants.
CONCLUSION
HI is highly prevalent and incident among older adults in Northern Finland.
目的
本研究旨在调查成年人中听力障碍（HI）在纵向研究中的流行率和发病率。
设计
一项未经筛选的、基于人群的 13 年随访研究。研究样本：850 名随机抽样的 54 至 66 岁基线参与者，其中 559 名参与者在 68 至 79 岁时参加了随访研究。采用问卷调查、耳科检查和纯音测听进行研究。
结果
HI 的总体患病率为 70.3%，定义为 0.5-4 kHz 频率范围内较好耳听力水平（BEHL）≥20dB。男性（78.6%）的患病率高于女性（63.7%）。HI 的总体发病率为 45.8/1000 人年，13 年累积发病率为 60.9%。发病率在男性和年龄较大的参与者中较高。
结论
在芬兰北部，听力障碍在老年人群中发病率和患病率均较高。
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