School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China.
Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2022;62(14):3913-3929. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1871318. Epub 2021 Jan 11.
Naturally occurring plant-based gums and their engineered bio-nanostructures have gained an immense essence of excellence in several industrial, biotechnological, and biomedical sectors of the modern world. Gums derived from bio-renewable resources that follow green chemistry principles are considered green macromolecules with unique structural and functional attributes. For instance, gum mostly obtained as exudates are bio-renewable, bio-degradable, bio-compatible, sustainable, overall cost-effective, and nontoxic. Gum exudates also offer tunable attributes that play a crucial role in engineering bio-nanostructures of interest for several bio- and non-bio applications, e.g., food-related items, therapeutic molecules, sustained and controlled delivery cues, bio-sensing constructs, and so on. With particular reference to plant gum exudates, this review focuses on applied perspectives of various gums, i.e., gum Arabic, gum albizzia, gum karaya, gum tragacanth, and gum kondagogu. After a brief introduction with problem statement and opportunities, structural and physicochemical attributes of plant-based natural gums are presented. Following that, considerable stress is given to green synthesis and stabilization of gum-based bio-nanostructures. The final part of the review focuses on the bio- and non-bio related applications of various types of gums polysaccharides-oriented bio-nanostructures.
天然存在的植物胶及其工程生物纳米结构在现代世界的多个工业、生物技术和生物医学领域具有巨大的卓越优势。遵循绿色化学原则的生物可再生资源衍生的胶被认为是具有独特结构和功能特性的绿色大分子。例如，主要作为渗出物获得的胶是生物可再生、可生物降解、生物相容、可持续、具有总成本效益和无毒的。胶渗出物还具有可调节的特性，这些特性在工程生物纳米结构中起着至关重要的作用，这些结构适用于多种生物和非生物应用，例如与食品相关的物品、治疗分子、持续和控制释放线索、生物传感结构等。特别参考植物胶渗出物，本综述重点介绍了各种胶，即阿拉伯胶、金合欢胶、卡拉胶、刺槐胶和 Kondagogu 胶的应用观点。在简要介绍问题陈述和机会之后，介绍了植物基天然胶的结构和物理化学特性。之后，重点介绍了基于胶的生物纳米结构的绿色合成和稳定化。综述的最后一部分重点介绍了各种类型的胶多糖导向生物纳米结构的生物和非生物相关应用。
