Zablocki VA Medical Center and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin,
Zablocki VA Medical Center and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
WMJ. 2020 Dec;119(4):248-252.
During recent months, reports describing the characteristics of COVID-19 patients in China, Italy, and the United States have been published. Military veterans represent another unique population affected by COVID-19. This report summarizes the demographics and baseline clinical comorbidities in veterans testing positive for COVID-19 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
Patient evaluations were conducted at the Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin between March 11, 2020 and June 1, 2020. Patient demographics, baseline comorbidities, home medications, presenting symptoms, and outcomes were obtained via electronic medical record.
Ninety-five patients (88 men, 7 women) tested positive for COVID-19 and were evaluated. Fourteen required mechanical ventilation; 50 and 31 patients were treated in the hospital without ventilation or were discharged to home isolation, respectively. Discharged patients were younger than patients hospitalized. Most patients with COVID-19 were African American (63.2%). Patients whose disease progressed to mechanical ventilation had, on admission, more dyspnea, higher heart and respiratory rates, and lower oxygen saturation than other patients. COVID-19 patients who required mechanical ventilation had a longer length of stay and higher mortality than other groups and were more likely to have a history of hypertension and hyperlipidemia than patients who were discharged to home quarantine (85.7% and 78.6% vs 48.4% and 45.2%, respectively; P < 0.05 for each).
COVID-19-positive veterans are predominantly African American men with hypertension and hyperlipidemia receiving beta blockers or ACEi/ARB. COVID-19-positive veterans who presented with dyspnea, tachypnea, tachycardia, and hypoxemia were more likely to require endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation, had longer hospital length-of-stay, and experienced greater mortality than comparison groups.
近几个月来，有关中国、意大利和美国 COVID-19 患者特征的报告已经发表。退伍军人是另一个受到 COVID-19 影响的独特人群。本报告总结了在威斯康星州密尔沃基的 Zablocki VA 医疗中心对 COVID-19 检测呈阳性的退伍军人的人口统计学和基线临床合并症。
患者评估于 2020 年 3 月 11 日至 6 月 1 日在威斯康星州密尔沃基的 Zablocki VA 医疗中心进行。通过电子病历获得患者的人口统计学、基线合并症、家庭用药、临床表现和结局。
95 名（88 名男性，7 名女性）COVID-19 检测呈阳性的患者接受了评估。14 名患者需要机械通气；50 名和 31 名患者分别在医院内未接受通气或出院居家隔离。出院患者比住院患者年轻。大多数 COVID-19 患者为非裔美国人（63.2%）。病情进展为机械通气的患者入院时呼吸困难更严重，心率和呼吸频率更高，血氧饱和度更低。需要机械通气的 COVID-19 患者的住院时间和死亡率均高于其他组，与出院至居家隔离的患者相比，更有可能患有高血压和高血脂（分别为 85.7%和 78.6%比 48.4%和 45.2%；P<0.05）。
COVID-19 阳性退伍军人主要为患有高血压和高血脂并接受β受体阻滞剂或 ACEi/ARB 治疗的非裔美国男性。COVID-19 阳性退伍军人表现为呼吸困难、呼吸急促、心动过速和低氧血症，更有可能需要气管插管和机械通气，住院时间更长，死亡率高于对照组。
