Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
Semin Cancer Biol. 2022 Jun;81:206-219. doi: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.12.027. Epub 2021 Jan 8.
The aberrant biology of polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCC) includes dysregulation of the cell cycle, induction of stress responses, and dedifferentiation, all of which are likely accompanied by adaptations in biophysical properties and metabolic activity. Sphingolipids are the second largest class of membrane lipids and play important roles in many aspects of cell biology that are potentially relevant to polyploidy. We have recently shown that the function of the sphingolipid enzyme acid ceramidase (ASAH1) is critical for the ability of PGCC to generate progeny by depolyploidization but mechanisms by which sphingolipids contribute to polyploidy and generation of offspring with stem-like properties remain elusive. This review discusses the role of sphingolipids during embryonic development, cell cycle regulation, and stem cells in an effort to highlight parallels to polyploidy.
多倍体巨癌细胞（PGCC）的异常生物学包括细胞周期失调、应激反应诱导和去分化，所有这些都可能伴随着生物物理特性和代谢活性的适应性改变。鞘脂是膜脂质的第二大类，在细胞生物学的许多方面发挥着重要作用，这些方面与多倍体可能相关。我们最近表明，鞘脂酶酸性神经酰胺酶（ASAH1）的功能对于 PGCC 通过去多倍化产生后代的能力至关重要，但鞘脂如何促进多倍体形成和产生具有干细胞样特性的后代的机制仍不清楚。这篇综述讨论了鞘脂在胚胎发育、细胞周期调控和干细胞中的作用，努力突出与多倍体的相似之处。
