Medical University of Warsaw, Chair and Department of General Biology and Parasitology, 5 Chalubinskiego Str., 02-004 Warsaw, Poland.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2021 Feb 12;540:8-15. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.12.067. Epub 2021 Jan 8.
The central nervous system (CNS) plays an important role in the human body. It is involved in the receive, store and participation in information retrieval. It can use several substrates as a source of energy, however, the main source of energy is glucose. Cells of the central nervous system need a continuous supply of energy, therefore, transport of glucose into these cells is very important. There are three distinct families of glucose transporters: sodium-independent glucose transporters (GLUTs), sodium-dependent glucose cotransporters (SGLTs), and uniporter, SWEET protein. In the human brain only GLUTs and SGLTs were detected. In neurodegenerative diseases was observed hypometabolism of glucose due to decreased expression of glucose transporters, in particular GLUT1 and GLUT3. On the other hand, animal studies revealed, that increased levels of these glucose transporters, due to for example by the increased copy number of SLC2A genes, may have a beneficial effect and may be a targeted therapy in the treatment of patients with AD, HD and PD.
中枢神经系统（CNS）在人体中起着重要作用。它参与接收、存储和参与信息检索。它可以使用几种基质作为能量来源，但主要的能量来源是葡萄糖。中枢神经系统的细胞需要持续的能量供应，因此，葡萄糖进入这些细胞的运输非常重要。有三种不同的葡萄糖转运蛋白家族：非钠依赖性葡萄糖转运蛋白（GLUTs）、钠依赖性葡萄糖协同转运蛋白（SGLTs）和单转运蛋白，SWEET 蛋白。在人类大脑中仅检测到 GLUTs 和 SGLTs。在神经退行性疾病中，由于葡萄糖转运蛋白，特别是 GLUT1 和 GLUT3 的表达减少，观察到葡萄糖的代谢减少。另一方面，动物研究表明，由于 SLC2A 基因的拷贝数增加等原因，这些葡萄糖转运蛋白水平的增加可能具有有益的作用，并可能成为 AD、HD 和 PD 患者治疗的靶向治疗。
