Hu Xianfeng, Robles Astrid, Vikström Tommy, Väänänen Pekka, Zackrisson Mats, Ye Guozhu
SWERIM AB, Aronstorpsvägen 1, SE-974 37 Luleå, Sweden.
SWERIM AB, Aronstorpsvägen 1, SE-974 37 Luleå, Sweden.
J Hazard Mater. 2021 Jun 5;411:124928. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124928. Epub 2021 Jan 8.
Spent alkaline and zinc-carbon batteries contain valuable elements (notably, Zn and Mn), which need to be recovered to keep a circular economy. In this study, the black mass materials from those spent batteries are pyrometallurgically treated via a series of process steps in a pilot-scale KALDO furnace to produce an Mn-Zn product, a ZnO product, and an MnO (manganese monoxide) product, toward applications of Mn-Zn micronutrient fertilizer, zinc metal, and manganese alloy, respectively. After an oxidative roasting step, an Mn-Zn product, containing 43% Mn, 22% Zn, and negligible amounts of toxic elements (notably, Cd, Hg, and Pb), could be produced, being suitable for the micronutrient fertilizer application. After a reductive roasting step, a ZnO product and an MnO product are produced. The attained ZnO product, containing up to 84.6% ZnO, is suitable for zinc metal production when the leaching steps are taken to remove most of the Cl and F in the product. The attained MnO product, containing up to 91.7% MnO, is of premium quality for manganese alloy production, preferably for SiMn alloy production due to its low phosphorus content. The proposed application scenarios could substantially improve the recovery efficiency of those spent batteries.
废旧碱性电池和锌碳电池含有宝贵的元素（特别是锌和锰），需要回收以维持循环经济。在本研究中，通过在中试规模的卡尔多炉中进行一系列工艺步骤，对这些废旧电池的黑粉材料进行火法冶金处理，以分别生产用于锰锌微肥、锌金属和锰合金应用的锰锌产品、氧化锌产品和一氧化锰（MnO）产品。经过氧化焙烧步骤后，可以生产出一种锰锌产品，其含锰43%、锌22%，有毒元素（特别是镉、汞和铅）含量可忽略不计，适合用作微肥。经过还原焙烧步骤后，可生产出氧化锌产品和一氧化锰产品。所得的氧化锌产品含氧化锌高达84.6%，在采取浸出步骤去除产品中大部分氯和氟后，适合用于生产锌金属。所得的一氧化锰产品含MnO高达91.7%，质量上乘，适合用于生产锰合金，由于其磷含量低，尤其适合用于生产硅锰合金。所提出的应用场景可大幅提高这些废旧电池的回收效率。
