Konkate Kanyanut, Tonanon Nattaporn, Pornprasertsuk Rojana, Tantavichet Nisit, Kasemchainan Jitti
Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Seventh Floor, Chulalongkorn University Research Building, Soi Chula, 12, Phayathai Rd, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
ACS Omega. 2025 Apr 29;10(18):18364-18370. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.4c10293. eCollection 2025 May 13.
Recycling Mn compounds from spent alkaline batteries (SABs) not only follows the ongoing trend of circular economy but also conserves nature without disposal of hazardous battery wastes. Both pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical techniques were included to aim for a low-cost, environmental-contaminant-minimized, and mass-production process. The SAB-electrode powder mainly consisted of Mn(III) compounds by X-ray diffraction (XRD), together with ca. 6 wt % carbon by X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Heat treatment under N gas was executed on the powder at a temperature from 650 to 950 °C for 2 h. At 950 °C, XRD revealed only crystalline MnO, yet other components were amorphous/nanocrystalline C- and Zn-based substances from XRF. Leaching the heated SAB powder was tried with stoichiometric volume +20 vol % excess of 2 M HSO to receive MnSO solution-the best leaching efficiency of 98%. The leachate was well-mixed with the stoichiometric KMnO mass at 30, 60, or 90 °C for 1 h, giving the 99% yield SAB-MnO. SAB-MnO was electrochemically tested (rate and long-cycling tests) as a Zn-ion battery (ZIB). Both tests show promising results: especially for the long cycling at 5 mA/g, good capacity retention of the ZIB using SAB-MnO was recognized when the ZIB with commercial MnO was a reference.
从废旧碱性电池（SABs）中回收锰化合物不仅顺应了循环经济的发展趋势，还能在不处置有害电池废物的情况下保护自然环境。研究纳入了火法冶金和湿法冶金技术，旨在实现低成本、环境污染物最小化的大规模生产工艺。通过X射线衍射（XRD）分析，SAB电极粉末主要由Mn(III)化合物组成，同时通过X射线荧光光谱（XRF）分析可知其含有约6 wt%的碳。在氮气气氛下，对该粉末在650至950°C的温度下进行2小时的热处理。在950°C时，XRD分析显示仅存在结晶态的MnO，而通过XRF分析可知其他成分是无定形/纳米晶的碳基和锌基物质。尝试用化学计量体积 + 20 vol%过量的2 M H₂SO₄浸出加热后的SAB粉末，以得到MnSO₄溶液，浸出效率最高可达98%。将浸出液在30、60或90°C下与化学计量质量的KMnO₄充分混合1小时，可得到产率为99%的SAB - MnO。对SAB - MnO作为锌离子电池（ZIB）进行了电化学测试（倍率和长循环测试）。两项测试均显示出良好的结果：特别是在5 mA/g的电流密度下进行长循环测试时，以商业MnO作为参比的锌离子电池使用SAB - MnO时表现出良好的容量保持率。
