南非城市青少年 18 岁时身体成分与身体活动、久坐行为和睡眠的关系：出生至 20 岁+队列研究。
Adolescent physical activity, sedentary behavior and sleep in relation to body composition at age 18 years in urban South Africa, Birth-to-Twenty+ Cohort.
机构信息
MRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
出版信息
BMC Pediatr. 2021 Jan 11;21(1):30. doi: 10.1186/s12887-020-02451-9.
BACKGROUND
Adolescence is marked by a decline in physical activity, rapid physical growth and changes in body composition, which have been linked to body composition. Prospective data on these associations are rare, particularly in Africa.
AIM
The aim of this study was to examine the association of longitudinal patterns across adolescent in physical activity, sedentary behavior and sleep, with anthropometry and body composition at age 18 years in urban South Africa.
METHODS
We analyzed data from the Birth-to-Twenty Plus Cohort (Bt20+), a longitudinal study of children born in 1990 in Soweto-Johannesburg, South Africa. We used general linear models to investigate the association of adolescent (ages 12 to 18 years) longitudinal trends in physical activity, sedentary behavior and schoolnight sleep and overall physical activity patterns, with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, fat mass index (FMI), lean mass index (LMI) and percent body fat at age 18 years.
RESULTS
The final study sample included 1337 participants with anthropometric measurements (52% female) and 958 participants with body composition measurements (53% female). Males who were consistently more active and consistently walked to school over adolescence had lower waist circumference (B = - 2.0, 95% CI: - 3.9 to - 0.2), FMI (B = - 0.8, 95%: CI: - 1.2 to - 0.1) and percent body fat (B = -2.9, 95% CI: - 4.9 to - 0.9) at age 18 years than those who decreased activity and did not walk to school. Consistently-sedentary females had higher waist circumference than those whose sedentary behavior increased over adolescence (B = 5.4, 95% CI: 0.2 to 10.6). Males who reported sleeping 9 h or more per night on schoolnights had significantly lower BMI (B = -1.0, 95% CI: - 1.4 to- 0.5), and percent body fat (B = -1.5, 95%CI - 2.8 to - 0.1) than those who reported sleeping 8 h or less per night.
CONCLUSION
Patterns of adolescent physical activity, sedentary behavior and sleep are related to young-adult body composition in urban South Africa. These modifiable behaviors may be paths for public health interventions to curb overweight and obesity in many low- or middle-income countries.
背景
青春期的特点是体力活动减少、身体快速生长和身体成分变化，这些都与身体成分有关。关于这些关联的前瞻性数据很少，特别是在非洲。
目的
本研究旨在探讨城市南非青少年时期体力活动、久坐行为和睡眠的纵向变化模式与 18 岁时人体测量和身体成分的关系。
方法
我们分析了来自 Birth-to-Twenty Plus 队列（Bt20+）的数据，这是一项对 1990 年在南非索韦托-约翰内斯堡出生的儿童进行的纵向研究。我们使用一般线性模型来研究青少年（12 至 18 岁）体力活动、久坐行为和上学日睡眠的纵向趋势以及整体体力活动模式与 18 岁时的体重指数（BMI）、腰围、脂肪质量指数（FMI）、瘦体重指数（LMI）和体脂百分比之间的关联。
结果
最终的研究样本包括 1337 名有人体测量数据的参与者（52%为女性）和 958 名有身体成分数据的参与者（53%为女性）。在整个青春期一直更活跃且一直步行上学的男性，其腰围（B=-2.0，95%置信区间：-3.9 至-0.2）、FMI（B=-0.8，95%置信区间：-1.2 至-0.1）和体脂百分比（B=-2.9，95%置信区间：-4.9 至-0.9）低于那些活动减少且没有步行上学的男性。一直久坐的女性其腰围高于那些久坐行为随青春期增加的女性（B=5.4，95%置信区间：0.2 至 10.6）。在上学日每晚睡 9 小时或以上的男性，其 BMI（B=-1.0，95%置信区间：-1.4 至-0.5）和体脂百分比（B=-1.5，95%置信区间：-2.8 至-0.1）明显低于每晚睡 8 小时或以下的男性。
结论
青少年体力活动、久坐行为和睡眠模式与南非城市青年的成年人体组成有关。这些可改变的行为可能是许多低收入和中等收入国家遏制超重和肥胖的公共卫生干预措施的途径。
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