Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona 31008, Spain.
Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca 16007, Spain.
J Sport Health Sci. 2023 Mar;12(2):167-174. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2022.08.001. Epub 2022 Aug 6.
The aim of the present study was to determine the association between adherence to the 24-h movement guidelines during middle adolescence and glucose outcomes (glycated hemoglobin and fasting glucose) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in adulthood, 14 and 22 years later.
We analyzed data from apparently healthy adolescents aged 12-18 years who participated in Waves I and II (1994-1996, n = 14,738), Wave IV (2008-2009, n = 8913), and Wave V (2016-2018, n = 3457) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) in the United States. Physical activity, screen time, and sleep duration were measured using questionnaires, and the 24-h guidelines were defined as: 5 or more times moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per week, ≤2 h per day of screen time, and 9-11 h of sleep for 12-13 years and 8-10 h for 14-17 years. Capillary and venous whole blood was collected and analyzed to determine glycated hemoglobin and fasting glucose for Waves IV and V, respectively.
Only 2.1% of the adolescents met all the 3 guidelines, and 37.8% met none of them. In both waves IV and V, adolescents who met physical activity and screen time guidelines had lower odds of T2DM in adulthood than those who did not meet any of these guidelines (Wave IV; prevalence ratio (PR) = 0.57, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.21-0.89; Wave V: PR = 0.43, 95%CI: 0.32-0.74). Only for Wave V did adolescents who met all 3 guidelines have lower odds of T2DM at follow-up compared with those who did not meet any of these guidelines (PR = 0.47, 95%CI: 0.24-0.91). Also, for each increase in meeting one of the 24-h recommendations, the odds of T2DM decreased by 18% (PR = 0.82, 95%CI: 0.61-0.99) and 15% (PR = 0.85, 95%CI: 0.65-0.98) in adulthood for Waves IV and V, respectively.
Promoting all 24-h movement guidelines in adolescence, especially physical activity and screen time, is important for lowering the potential risk of T2DM in adulthood.
本研究旨在探讨青少年中期遵循 24 小时运动指南与葡萄糖结果（糖化血红蛋白和空腹血糖）和成年后患 2 型糖尿病（T2DM）之间的关系，随访时间为 14 年和 22 年。
我们分析了美国国家青少年至成人健康纵向研究（Add Health）中，1994-1996 年（第 1 波和第 2 波，n=14738）、2008-2009 年（第 4 波，n=8913）和 2016-2018 年（第 5 波，n=3457）期间，年龄在 12-18 岁的健康青少年的数据。使用问卷测量青少年的体育活动、屏幕时间和睡眠时间，24 小时指南定义为：每周进行 5 次或更多次中等至剧烈强度的体育活动，每天屏幕时间不超过 2 小时，12-13 岁时睡眠时间为 9-11 小时，14-17 岁时睡眠时间为 8-10 小时。在第 4 波和第 5 波中，分别采集毛细血管和静脉全血样本，分析糖化血红蛋白和空腹血糖。
只有 2.1%的青少年同时满足 3 项指南，而 37.8%的青少年一项都不满足。在第 4 波和第 5 波中，与不满足任何一项指南的青少年相比，同时满足体育活动和屏幕时间指南的青少年成年后患 T2DM 的几率更低（第 4 波：患病率比（PR）=0.57，95%置信区间（95%CI）：0.21-0.89；第 5 波：PR=0.43，95%CI：0.32-0.74）。仅在第 5 波中，与不满足任何一项指南的青少年相比，同时满足 3 项指南的青少年在随访时患 T2DM 的几率更低（PR=0.47，95%CI：0.24-0.91）。此外，每满足 1 项 24 小时建议，青少年成年后患 T2DM 的几率就会降低 18%（PR=0.82，95%CI：0.61-0.99）和 15%（PR=0.85，95%CI：0.65-0.98），分别在第 4 波和第 5 波。
在青少年时期促进所有 24 小时运动指南，特别是体育活动和屏幕时间，对于降低成年后患 T2DM 的潜在风险很重要。
