南非残疾人运动员福祉促进研究（PROPEL 研究）：心理困扰的特征和流行率。

Promotion of Para athlete well-being in South Africa (the PROPEL studies): Profiles and prevalence of psychological distress.

机构信息

Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine (ISEM), Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; International Olympic Committee (IOC) Research Centres, South Africa.

出版信息

J Sci Med Sport. 2021 Jul;24(7):616-621. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2020.12.013. Epub 2021 Jan 5.

DOI:10.1016/j.jsams.2020.12.013

PMID:33431317

Abstract

OBJECTIVES

There is a paucity of research investigating mental health in Para athletes. The aim of this study was to describe mental health concerns of a representative sample of South African Para athletes.

DESIGN

A descriptive, cross-sectional survey was conducted at the 2019 National Championships for athletes with impairments.

METHODS

Mental health was measured with the Trait component of the State/Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-T), and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10). Between-group differences were analysed using the Mann-Whitney U test or one-way ANOVA.

RESULTS

A total of 125 athletes were included. The average score for the STAI-T was 39 (±9) units, whilst a quarter (25%) of all athletes scored ≥45. The mean K-10 questionnaire score was 20 (±6) units. K-10 scores indicated that 12 % of athletes may meet formal definitions for anxiety and/or depressive disorders (score of ≥28), while 76 % of athletes have a high level of subclinical symptoms (score of ≥16). On average, females (36 ± 9) had better STAI-T scores than males (40 ± 9; p = 0.02) and married athletes (33 ± 9) had better scores than unmarried athletes (40 ± 9; p = 0.002). K-10 scores were also significantly better in married than in unmarried athletes (p = 0.002), but there was no difference between sexes. Neither the K-10 nor STAI-T was associated with level of competition, sport code or impairment type.

CONCLUSIONS

The study identified a high prevalence of psychological distress and anxiety among South African Para athletes, compared to the general population. There is a need to further understand factors contributing to mental health in this population.

摘要

目的

针对残疾运动员的心理健康问题，相关研究较少。本研究旨在描述南非残疾运动员的心理健康问题。

设计

在 2019 年全国运动员锦标赛上，对残疾运动员进行了描述性的横断面调查。

方法

使用状态特质焦虑量表（STAI-T）的特质分量表和 Kessler 心理困扰量表（K-10）来测量心理健康。采用曼-惠特尼 U 检验或单因素方差分析比较组间差异。

结果

共纳入 125 名运动员。STAI-T 的平均得分为 39（±9）个单位，而四分之一（25%）的运动员得分≥45。K-10 问卷的平均得分为 20（±6）个单位。K-10 评分表明，12%的运动员可能符合焦虑和/或抑郁障碍的正式定义（得分≥28），而 76%的运动员有较高的亚临床症状水平（得分≥16）。平均而言，女性（36±9）的 STAI-T 得分优于男性（40±9；p=0.02）和未婚运动员（33±9）优于未婚运动员（40±9；p=0.002）。已婚运动员的 K-10 评分也显著优于未婚运动员（p=0.002），但性别之间没有差异。K-10 和 STAI-T 评分均与比赛水平、运动代码或损伤类型无关。