Gouttebarge Vincent, Jonkers Ruud, Moen Maarten, Verhagen Evert, Wylleman Paul, Kerkhoffs Gino
a Academic Center for Evidence based Sports Medicine (ACES) , Academic Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.
b Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Academic Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.
J Sports Sci. 2017 Nov;35(21):2148-2156. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1258485. Epub 2016 Nov 29.
The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and comorbidity of symptoms of common mental disorders (distress, anxiety/depression, sleep disturbance, eating disorders, adverse alcohol use) among current and former Dutch elite athletes, and to explore the inference between potential risk indicators (severe injury, surgery, life events, sport career dissatisfaction, social support) and the outcomes measures under investigation. Cross-sectional analyses were conducted on baseline questionnaires from an ongoing prospective cohort study among 203 current and 282 former elite Dutch athletes (response rate: 28% among current athletes and 95% among former athletes). Based on validated scales, an electronic questionnaire was set up and distributed. Prevalence (4-week) ranged from 6% for adverse alcohol use to 45% for anxiety/depression among current elite athletes, and from 18% for distress to 29% for anxiety/depression among former elite athletes. A higher number of past severe injuries, higher number of past surgeries, higher number of recent life events, higher level of career dissatisfaction and lower level of social support were related to the occurrence of symptoms of common mental disorders among both current and former elite athletes. On average, the 4-week prevalence of common mental disorders as shown in our study among current and former Dutch elite athletes were similar to the ones found among athletes from other sports disciplines and does compare with the lifetime prevalence estimates in the general population of the Netherlands.
该研究的目的是确定荷兰现役和退役精英运动员中常见精神障碍症状（痛苦、焦虑/抑郁、睡眠障碍、饮食失调、不良饮酒）的患病率和共病情况，并探讨潜在风险指标（严重损伤、手术、生活事件、运动生涯不满、社会支持）与所调查的结果指标之间的关联。对一项正在进行的前瞻性队列研究中203名现役和282名退役荷兰精英运动员的基线问卷进行了横断面分析（现役运动员的回复率为28%，退役运动员的回复率为95%）。基于经过验证的量表，设置并分发了一份电子问卷。现役精英运动员中不良饮酒的患病率（4周）为6%，焦虑/抑郁的患病率为45%；退役精英运动员中痛苦的患病率为18%，焦虑/抑郁的患病率为29%。现役和退役精英运动员中，过去严重损伤次数较多、过去手术次数较多、近期生活事件较多、职业不满程度较高以及社会支持水平较低，均与常见精神障碍症状的出现有关。平均而言，我们研究中荷兰现役和退役精英运动员的常见精神障碍4周患病率与其他体育项目运动员中的患病率相似，且与荷兰普通人群的终生患病率估计值相当。
