Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States.
Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518116, China.
ACS Sens. 2021 Feb 26;6(2):321-334. doi: 10.1021/acssensors.0c02042. Epub 2020 Dec 1.
Using a camera as an optical sensor to monitor physiological parameters has garnered considerable research interest in biomedical engineering in recent decades. Researchers have explored the use of a camera for monitoring a variety of physiological waveforms, together with the vital signs carried by these waveforms. Most of the obtained waveforms are related to the human respiratory and cardiovascular systems, and in addition of being indicative of overall health, they can also detect early signs of certain diseases. While using a camera for noncontact physiological signal monitoring offers the advantages of low cost and operational ease, it also has the disadvantages such as vulnerability to motion and lack of burden-free calibration solutions in some use cases. This study presents an overview of the existing camera-based methods that have been reported in recent years. It introduces the physiological principles behind these methods, signal acquisition approaches, various types of acquired signals, data processing algorithms, and application scenarios of these methods. It also discusses the technological gaps between the camera-based methods and traditional medical techniques, which are mostly contact-based. Furthermore, we present the manner in which noncontact physiological signal monitoring use has been extended, particularly over the recent years, to more day-to-day aspects of individuals' lives, so as to go beyond the more conventional use case scenarios. We also report on the development of novel approaches that facilitate easier measurement of less often monitored and recorded physiological signals. These have the potential of ushering a host of new medical and lifestyle applications. We hope this study can provide useful information to the researchers in the noncontact physiological signal measurement community.
在过去几十年的生物医学工程研究中，利用相机作为光学传感器来监测生理参数引起了相当大的关注。研究人员探索了使用相机来监测各种生理波形，以及这些波形所携带的生命体征。所获得的大部分波形都与人体呼吸和心血管系统有关，除了可以指示整体健康状况外，它们还可以检测某些疾病的早期迹象。虽然使用相机进行非接触式生理信号监测具有成本低和操作简单的优点，但它也存在一些缺点，例如容易受到运动的影响，并且在某些情况下缺乏无负担的校准解决方案。本研究综述了近年来报道的基于相机的方法。它介绍了这些方法背后的生理原理、信号采集方法、各种类型的获取信号、数据处理算法以及这些方法的应用场景。它还讨论了基于相机的方法与传统医疗技术之间的技术差距，传统医疗技术主要是基于接触的。此外，我们介绍了非接触式生理信号监测的使用方式如何扩展，特别是近年来如何扩展到个人生活的更多日常方面，从而超越更传统的用例场景。我们还报告了促进更频繁监测和记录的生理信号的更容易测量的新方法的发展。这些方法有可能开创一系列新的医疗和生活方式应用。我们希望本研究能为非接触式生理信号测量领域的研究人员提供有用的信息。
