School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
Key Laboratory of Cold Region Urban and Rural Human Settlement Environment Science and Technology, School of Architecture, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jan 10;18(2):516. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18020516.
Urbanization has been a flourishing process in a wide range of developing countries. The planning and construction of public service facilities is a crucial component of this process. Existing planning methods of public service facilities focused on macroscopic indicators like population and GDP. In this way, accessibility and transportation conditions were neglected. Four typical counties in China were selected as samples where travel surveys and questionnaire surveys on public service facilities were conducted. Taking education and medical care as representative public service facilities, this study used geographic information processing to connect the locations of public service facilities at all levels with the urban land accessibility. Then, analysis of variance was used to obtain correlations between the level of public service facilities and the urban land accessibility. The results showed that the urban land accessibility of locations of public service facilities follows a normal distribution. Categories of facilities showed significant difference on urban land accessibility. Therefore, intervals of urban land accessibility of locations of public service facilities within one standard deviation from the mean were constructed by category. These intervals built a connection between transportation conditions with locations of public service facilities. Corresponding relation of carbon emission of facility-related trips and urban land accessibility was established as an example of an application. Carbon emissions caused by facility-related trips can be reduced by locating facilities at locations with appropriate urban land accessibility.
城市化是广大发展中国家蓬勃发展的过程。公共服务设施的规划和建设是这一过程的关键组成部分。现有公共服务设施规划方法侧重于人口和 GDP 等宏观指标，从而忽略了可达性和交通条件。本研究选取中国四个具有代表性的县作为样本，对公共服务设施进行了出行调查和问卷调查。以教育和医疗保健为代表的公共服务设施，本研究利用地理信息处理将各级公共服务设施的位置与城市土地可达性联系起来。然后，利用方差分析获得公共服务设施水平与城市土地可达性之间的相关性。结果表明，公共服务设施位置的城市土地可达性呈正态分布。设施类别在城市土地可达性上存在显著差异。因此，根据类别构建了公共服务设施位置的城市土地可达性的标准偏差内的间隔。这些间隔建立了交通条件与公共服务设施位置之间的联系。以设施相关出行的碳排放与城市土地可达性之间的对应关系为例建立了应用实例。通过将设施定位在具有适当城市土地可达性的位置，可以减少设施相关出行产生的碳排放。
