School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK.
FrieslandCampina AMEA, Singapore 039190, Singapore.
Nutrients. 2021 Jan 10;13(1):199. doi: 10.3390/nu13010199.
Proper nutrition is crucial for normal brain and neurocognitive development. Failure to optimize neurodevelopment early in life can have profound long-term implications for both mental health and quality of life. Although the first 1000 days of life represent the most critical period of neurodevelopment, the central and peripheral nervous systems continue to develop and change throughout life. All this time, development and functioning depend on many factors, including adequate nutrition. In this review, we outline the role of nutrients in cognitive, emotional, and neural development in infants and young children with special attention to the emerging roles of polar lipids and high quality (available) protein. Furthermore, we discuss the dynamic nature of the gut-brain axis and the importance of microbial diversity in relation to a variety of outcomes, including brain maturation/function and behavior are discussed. Finally, the promising therapeutic potential of psychobiotics to modify gut microbial ecology in order to improve mental well-being is presented. Here, we show that the individual contribution of nutrients, their interaction with other micro- and macronutrients and the way in which they are organized in the food matrix are of crucial importance for normal neurocognitive development.
适当的营养对于大脑和神经认知发育正常至关重要。生命早期未能优化神经发育可能对心理健康和生活质量产生深远的长期影响。虽然生命的头 1000 天代表了神经发育最关键的时期，但中枢和外周神经系统在整个生命周期中仍在继续发育和变化。在此期间，发育和功能取决于许多因素，包括充足的营养。在这篇综述中，我们概述了营养物质在婴儿和幼儿认知、情绪和神经发育中的作用，特别关注极性脂质和高质量（可用）蛋白质的新兴作用。此外，我们还讨论了肠道-大脑轴的动态性质以及微生物多样性与各种结果的关系的重要性，包括大脑成熟/功能和行为。最后，提出了益生菌通过改变肠道微生物生态来改善心理健康的有前途的治疗潜力。在这里，我们表明，营养物质的个体贡献、它们与其他微量和宏量营养素的相互作用以及它们在食物基质中的组织方式对正常神经认知发育至关重要。
