SAHMRI Women and Kids Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2021 Aug;1498(1):108-115. doi: 10.1111/nyas.14561. Epub 2021 Jan 12.
In 2014, there was an outbreak of beriberi on Kuria, a remote atoll in Kiribati, a small Pacific Island nation. A thiamine-poor diet consisting mainly of rice, sugar, and small amounts of fortified flour was likely to blame. We aimed to design a food fortification strategy to improve thiamine intakes in Kuria. We surveyed all 104 households on Kuria with a pregnant woman or a child 0-59 months. Repeat 24-h dietary recalls were collected from 90 men, 17 pregnant, 44 lactating, and 41 other women of reproductive age. The prevalence of inadequate thiamine intakes was >30% in all groups. Dietary modeling predicted that rice or sugar fortified at a rate of 0.3 and 1.4 mg per 100 g, respectively, would reduce the prevalence of inadequate thiamine intakes to <2.5% in all groups. Fortification is challenging because Kiribati imports food from several countries, depending on price and availability. One exception is flour, which is imported from Fiji. Although resulting in less coverage than rice or sugar, fortifying wheat flour with an additional 3.7 mg per 100 g would reduce the prevalence of inadequacy to under 10%. Kiribati is small and has limited resources; thus, a regional approach to thiamine fortification is needed.
2014 年，基里巴斯的一个偏远环礁岛库里亚爆发脚气病。造成脚气病的原因可能是人们的饮食中缺乏硫胺素，主要以大米、糖和少量强化面粉为主。我们的目的是设计一种食物强化策略，以提高库里亚的硫胺素摄入量。我们调查了库里亚的所有 104 户家庭，这些家庭中有孕妇或 0-59 个月大的儿童。从 90 名男性、17 名孕妇、44 名哺乳期妇女和 41 名其他育龄妇女中重复收集了 24 小时膳食回忆。所有人群中硫胺素摄入不足的患病率均超过 30%。饮食模型预测，将大米或糖分别强化至 0.3 和 1.4 毫克/100 克，可以将所有人群中硫胺素摄入不足的患病率降低至 2.5%以下。由于基里巴斯从多个国家进口食品，取决于价格和供应情况，因此强化食品具有挑战性。面粉是个例外，它是从斐济进口的。虽然覆盖范围不如大米或糖广，但将每 100 克小麦粉额外强化 3.7 毫克硫胺素可以将不足的患病率降低到 10%以下。基里巴斯面积小，资源有限；因此，需要采取区域性方法来强化硫胺素。
