Jang Jinah, Yi Hee-Gyeong, Cho Dong-Woo
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Korea.
ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2016 Oct 10;2(10):1722-1731. doi: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00129. Epub 2016 May 6.
Three-dimensional (3D) tissue modeling is an emerging field of investigation for disease mechanisms, drug testing, and therapeutic effects for human survival. Various methods have been developed to recapitulate tissue mimetic microenvironments; however, they could mimic only the fragmentary phase of disease. Cells should be tested under two-dimensional (2D) substrate or encapsulated into hydrogels, and thus, they cannot mimic natural tissue behaviors or arrangements in the body. 3D printing technology allows us to create precisely controlled 3D tissue or organ models through localization of cells, biomolecules, and materials precisely similar to tissue specific microenvironments. In this article, we review the recent advances of 3D printed tissue models that can support normal or diseased tissue differentiation, integration, and spatiotemporal reaction by drug treatment or cancer metastasis. With the development of fabrication methods, the 3D printed tissue model can be utilized to study the complex human physiology in tissue and organ contexts, which could potentially be used as a substitute for animals and applied in drug development and toxicology testing.
三维（3D）组织建模是一个新兴的研究领域，用于研究疾病机制、药物测试以及对人类生存的治疗效果。人们已经开发出各种方法来重现组织模拟微环境；然而，它们只能模拟疾病的片段阶段。细胞应该在二维（2D）基质上进行测试，或者封装在水凝胶中，因此，它们无法模拟体内自然组织的行为或排列。3D打印技术使我们能够通过精确地定位细胞、生物分子和材料，创建与组织特定微环境精确相似的可控3D组织或器官模型。在本文中，我们回顾了3D打印组织模型的最新进展，这些模型可以通过药物治疗或癌症转移来支持正常或患病组织的分化、整合以及时空反应。随着制造方法的发展，3D打印组织模型可用于在组织和器官环境中研究复杂的人体生理学，这有可能替代动物，并应用于药物开发和毒理学测试。
