Muiznieks Lisa D, Keeley Fred W
Molecular Structure and Function Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 0A4.
Department of Biochemistry and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, 1 King's College Circle, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8.
ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2017 May 8;3(5):661-679. doi: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00469. Epub 2016 Oct 24.
Elastic biomaterials are found across biology where they fulfill diverse load-bearing and energy storage and dissipation functions. This class of biomaterials comprises elastic proteins that provide materials with combinations of extensibility, stiffness, tensile strength, toughness, and viscoelastic properties. Differences in mechanical properties are due in large part to variations in the ratio of secondary structure and conformational disorder of constituent protein monomers, arising from differences in amino acid sequence. This natural diversity provides rich inspiration for the design of elastic biomaterials. Here, we review the relationship between sequence, structure, disorder, and mechanical properties of elastic proteins from natural materials ranging from highly extensible and soft, to mechanically strong and tough. We describe molecular strategies as well as recombinant efforts to design materials with tailored mechanical properties, with the ultimate aim of rationally engineering biomaterials for advanced biomedical applications.
弹性生物材料在生物学中广泛存在，它们发挥着多种承载、能量储存和耗散功能。这类生物材料包含弹性蛋白，这些弹性蛋白赋予材料可扩展性、硬度、拉伸强度、韧性和粘弹性等多种特性。力学性能的差异在很大程度上归因于组成蛋白质单体二级结构与构象无序比例的变化，而这种变化源于氨基酸序列的差异。这种天然的多样性为弹性生物材料的设计提供了丰富的灵感。在此，我们综述了从高度可延展且柔软到机械强度高且坚韧的天然材料中弹性蛋白的序列、结构、无序状态与力学性能之间的关系。我们描述了设计具有定制力学性能材料的分子策略以及重组方法，最终目标是合理设计用于先进生物医学应用的生物材料。
